After completing this chapter, you should:

1. Understand how the Sun produces energy.
2. Be able to explain hydrostatic equilibrium and thermal equilibrium.
3. Know what a stellar model is and be able to explain the theoretical model of the Sun.
4. Understand how conditions in the solar interior can be inferred from measurements of solar vibrations.
5. Know why scientists measure the number of neutrinos emitted from the Sun's core and what the results imply.
6. Know the structure of the solar atmosphere.
7. Be able to describe the photosphere, its properties, and its features.
8. Be able to describe the chromosphere, its properties, and its features.
9. Be able to describe the corona, its properties, and its features.
10. Know what sunspots are and what the sunspot cycle is.
11. Be able to describe the magnetic-dynamo model of the sunspot cycle.
12. Understand how activity in the solar magnetic field heats the corona.
13. Know how solar eruptions affect us on Earth.