Full Reference List

Journal Papers

A103. Packer, L., J.C. Grixti, R.E. Roughley and R. Hanner. 2009. The status of taxonomy in Canada and the impact of DNA barcoding. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 87(12):1097-1110. [abstract]
A102. Gibbs, J., Ascher, J.S. and Packer, L. 2009. Dialictus Robertson, 1902 and Evylaeus Robertson, 1902 (Insecta, Hymenoptera): proposed precedence over Hemihalictus Cockerell, 1897, Sudila Cameron, 1898 and Sphecodogastra Ashmead, 1899. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 66(2): 147-158. [abstract]
A101. Colla, S.R,, E.Willis, and L.Packer. 2009. Can green roofs provide habitat for bees? Cities and the Environment 2:1. [online] [abstract]
A100. Sheffield, C.S., P.D.N. Hebert, P. Kevan and L. Packer. 2009. DNA barcoding a regional bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) fauna and its potential for ecological studies. Molecular Ecology Resources. 9:196-207. [abstract]
A99. Packer, L., J.Gibbs, C.S. Sheffield and R. Hanner. 2009. DNA barcoding and the mediocrity of morphology. Molecular Ecology Resources. 9:42-50. [abstract]
A98. Packer, L. 2009. A remarkable new species of Geodiscelis from Argentina (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Sciences. 112:22-30. [abstract]
A97. Danforth, B.N. C. Eardley, L. Packer, K. Walker and F.J. Randrianambinintsoa. 2008. Phylogeny of Halictidae with an emphasis on endemic African Halictinae. Apidologie 39:86-101. [abstract]
A96.Almeida, E.A.B., B.N. Danforth and L. Packer. 2008. Phylogeny of the Xeromelissinae (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) based upon morphology and molecules. Apidologie 39:75-85. [abstract]
A95. Packer, L. 2008. Phylogeny and classification of the Xeromelissinae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Colletidae) with special emphasis on the genus Chilicola. Systematic Entomology. 33:72-96. [abstract]
A94. Colla, S. and L. Packer. 2008. Evidence for decline in eastern North American bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with special focus on Bombus affinis Cresson. Biodiversity and Conservation. 17: 1379-1391. [abstract]
A93. Willis, E. and L. Packer. 2007. Revision and phylogenetic analysis of Chilioediscelis (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa, 1762:29-52. [abstract]
A92. Packer, L., A.-I. Gravel, and G. LeBuhn. 2007. Phenology and social organization of Halictus (Seladonia) tripartitus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 16:281-292. [abstract]
A91. Packer, L., J.A. Genaro and C.S. Sheffield. 2007. The bee genera of eastern Canada. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification. [online] URL: http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/bsc/ejournal/pgs_03/pgs_03.html [abstract]
A90. Packer, L. 2007. Mydrosoma micheneri Packer, new species, a new diphaglossine bee from Brazil (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 16:277-280. [abstract]
A89. Zayed, A. and L. Packer. 2007. The population genetics of a solitary oligolectic sweat bee, Lasioglossum (Sphecodogastra) oenotherae (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Heredity 99:397-405. [abstract]
A88. Zayed, A., S. A. Constantin and L. Packer. 2007. Successful biological invasion despite a severe genetic load. [online] URL: http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0000868. [abstract]
A87. Packer, L. and J.A. Genaro. 2007. Fifteen new species of Chilicola (Hymenoptera: Apoidea; Colletidae). Submitted to Zootaxa, 1468:1-55. [abstract]
A86. Kremen, C., N.M. Williams, M.A. Aizen, B. Gemmill-Herren, G. Lebuhn, R. Minckley, L. Packer, S.G. Potts, T. Roulston, I. Steffan-Dewenter, D. Vazquez, R. Winfree, L. Adams, E.E. Crone, S.S. Greenleaf, T.H. Keitt, A. Klein, J. Regetz, T. Ricketts. 2007. Pollination and other ecosystem services produced by mobile organisms: a conceptual framework for the effects of land-use change. Ecology Letters, 10:299-314. [abstract]
A85. Cardinal, S. and L. Packer. 2007. Phylogenetic analysis of the corbiculate Apinae based on morphology of the sting apparatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Cladistics 23:99-118. [abstract]
A84. Chan. P.K. and L. Packer. 2006. Assessment of potential Karner Blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) (Family: Lycanidae) reintroduction sites in Ontario, Canada. Restoration Ecology. 14:645-652. [abstract]
A83. Gibbs, J. and L. Packer. 2006. Revision and phylogenetic analysis of Chilicola sensu stricto (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 1355:1-37. [abstract]
A82. Packer, L. 2006. Use of artificial arenas to predict the social organisation of halictine bees: Data for fourteen species from Chile. Insectes Sociaux, 53:307-315. [abstract]
A81. Grixti, J.C., and L. Packer. 2006. Changes in the bee fauna (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) of an old field site in southern Ontario, revisited after 34 years. Canadian Entomologist 138:147-164. [abstract]
A80.Packer, L. 2006. A new Leioproctus with unique wing venation in males (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Paracolletinae) with comments on unusual wing modifications in bees. Zootaxa, 1104:47-57. [abstract]
A79. Steffan-Dewenter, I., S.G. Potts and L. Packer. 2005. Pollinator diversity and crop pollination services are at risk. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 20:651-652.
A78. Genaro, J. and L. Packer 2005. A revision of the genus Xenochilicola (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Colletidae), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa, 1054:1-14. [abstract]
A77. Zayed, A., L. Packer, J.C. Grixti, L. Ruz, R.E. Owen and H. Toro. 2005. Increased genetic differentiation in a specialist versus a generalist bee: implications for conservation. Conservation Genetics 5:1017-1026. [abstract]
A76. Zayed, A. and L. Packer. 2005. Complementary sex determination substantially increases extinction proneness of haplodiploid populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 102:10742-10746. [abstract]
A75. Packer. L. 2005. The influence of marking upon bee behaviour in circle tube experiments with a methodological comparison among studies. Insectes Sociaux. 52: 139-146. [abstract]
A74. Packer. L. 2005. A new species of Geodiscelis (Hymenoptera: Colletidae: Xeromelissinae) from the Atacama Desert of Chile. Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 14:84-91. [abstract]
A73. Packer. L. 2004. Taxonomic and behavioural notes on Patagonian Xeromelissinae with the description of a new species (Hymenoptera: Colletidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 77: 78:95-110. [abstract]
A72. Packer, L., A. Zayed, J.C. Grixti, L. Ruz, R.E. Owen, F. Vivallo and H. Toro. 2005.Conservation genetics of potentially endangered mutualisms: reduced levels of genetic variation in specialist versus generalist bees. Conservation Biology 19:195-202. [abstract]
A71: Zayed, A., Roubik, D.W., and Packer, L. 2004. Use of diploid male frequency data as an indicator of pollinator decline. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B (Suppl). 271, S9-S12. [pdf] [abstract]
A70: Grixti, J., Zayed, A., and L. Packer. 2004. Behavioral interactions among females of Acamptopoeum submetallicum (Spinola) and Nolanomelissa toroi Rozen (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research (in press). [abstract]
A69: Packer, L. 2004. Morphological variation in the gastral sterna of female Apoidea (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Canadian Journal of Zoology 82:130-152. [abstract]
A68: Packer, L. 2003. Comparative morphology of the skeletal parts of the sting apparatus of bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 138:1-38. [abstract]
A67: Janjic, J., and L. Packer. 2003. Phylogeny of the bee genus Agapostemon (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Systematic Entomology 28:101-124. [abstract]
A66: Packer, L., B. Coelho, S. Mateus and R. Zucchi. 2003. Behavioral interactions among females of Halictus (Seladonia) lanei (Moure) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 76:34-39. [abstract]
A65: Packer, L. and J. Taylor. 2002. Genetic variation within and among populations of an arctic alpine sweat bee (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). The Canadian Entomologist. 134: 619-632. [abstract]
A64: Zayed, A. and L. Packer. 2002. Genetic differentiation across a behavioural boundary in a primitively eusocial bee, Halictus poeyi Lepeletier (Hymenoptera, Halictidae). Insectes Sociaux, 49:282-288. [pdf] [abstract]
A63: Zayed, A. and L. Packer. 2001. High levels of diploid male production in a primitively eusocial bee (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Heredity, 87:631-636. [pdf] [abstract]
A62: Packer, L. and R.E. Owen. 2001. Population genetic aspects of pollinator decline. Conservation Ecology 5(1): 4. [online] URL: http://www.consecol.org/vol5/iss1/art4. [abstract]
A61: Pabalan, N., Davey, K.G., and Packer, L. 2000. Escalation of aggressive interactions during staged encounters in Halictus ligatus Say (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), with a comparison of circle tube behaviors with other Halictine species. Journal of Insect Behavior. 13:627-650. [abstract]
A60: Plateaux-Quénu, C., L. Plateaux and L. Packer. 2000. Population-typical behaviours are retained when eusocial and non-eusocial forms of Evylaeus albipes (F.) (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) are reared simultaneously in the laboratory. Insectes Sociaux. 47:263-270. [abstract]
A59: Kerr, J.T., Sugar, A., and Packer, L. 2000. Indicator taxa, rapid biodiversity assessment, and nestedness in an endangered ecosystem. Conservation Biology. 14:1726-1734. [abstract]
A58: Packer, L. 2000. The biology of Thrincohalictus prognathus (Perez) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae: Halictini). J. Hym. Res. 9:53-61. [abstract]
A57: Kerr, J.T. and Packer, L. 1999. The environmental basis of North American species richness patterns among Epicauta (Coleoptera: Meloidae). Biodiversity and Conservation. 8:617-628. [abstract]
A56: Danforth, B.N., H. Sauquet and L. Packer, 1999. Phylogeny of the bee genus Halictus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) based on parsimony and likelihood analyses of nuclear EF-1α sequence data. Molecular phylogenetics and Evolution. 13:605-618. [abstract]
A55: Packer, L. 1999. The distribution of Halictus ligatus Say and H. poeyi Lep. (Hymenoptera; Halictidae) in North America. in Byers, G.W.R., Hagen, R.H., and Brooks, R.W. (eds). Entomological Contributions in Memory of Byron A. Alexander. University of Kansas Nature History Museum Special Publication. 24:81-84. [abstract]
A54: Packer, L., A. Porsa, C. Plateaux-Quénu and L. Plateaux. 1999. A cryptic species allied to Evylaeus villosulus (Kirby) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 35: 165-171. [abstract]
A53: Kerr, J.T., and L. Packer. 1999. The environmental basis of North American species richness patterns among Epicauta (Coleoptera: Meloidae). Biodiversity and Conservation. 8: 617-628. [abstract]
A52: Sugar, A., A. Finamore, H. Goulet, J. Cumming, J.T. Kerr and L. Packer. 1998. A preliminary survey of symphytan and aculeate Hymenoptera from oak savannas in southern Ontario. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario. 129: 9-18. [abstract]
A51: Dunn, M., P.L. Mitchell and L. Packer. 1998. Phenology and social biology of two sibling species of Halictus in an area of sympatry. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 76: 2207-2213. [abstract]
A50: Packer, L. 1998. A phylogenetic analysis of western European species of the Lasioglossum leucozonium species-group (Hymenoptera: Halictidae): sociobiological and taxonomic implications. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 76: 1611-1621. [abstract]
A49: Danforth, B.N., P.L. Mitchell and L. Packer. 1998. Mitochondrial DNA differentiation between two cryptic Halictus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 91: 387-391. [abstract]
A48: Packer, L., J. Taylor, D. Savignano, C. Bleser, C. Lane, and L. Sommers. 1998. Population biology of an endangered butterfly, Lycaeides melissa samuelis (Lepidoptera; Lycaenidae): genetic variation, gene flow, and taxonomic status. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 76:320-329. [abstract]
A47: Richards, M.H. and L. Packer 1998. Demography and relatedness in multiple-foundress nests of the social sweat bee, Halictus ligatus. Insectes Sociaux. 45: 97-109.[abstract]
A46: Plateaux-Quénu, C., L. Plateaux and L. Packer 1998. A test of the mating limitation hypothesis for caste determination in Evylaeus albipes (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), a primitively eusocial halictine bee. Journal of Insect Behavior. 11:119-128. [abstract]
A45: Kerr, J. T. and L. Packer 1998. The impact of climate change on mammal diversity in Canada. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 49: 263-270. [abstract]
A44: Packer, L. and J. Taylor 1997. How many hidden species are there? An application of the phylogenetic species concept to genetic data for some comparatively well known bee species. Canadian Entomologist. 129:587-594. [abstract]
A43: Kerr, J.T. and L. Packer 1997. Habitat heterogeneity as a determinant of mammal species richness in high-energy regions. Nature. 385:252-254. [abstract]
A42: Packer, L. 1997. The relevance of phylogenetic systematics to biology: Examples from medicine and behavioral ecology. Mémoires de Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle special volume: The origin of biodiversity in insects: phylogenetic tests of evolutionary scenarios. P. Grandcolas (Ed.) 173:11-29. [abstract]
A41: Carman, G.M. and L. Packer 1996. A cryptic species allied to Halictus ligatus Say (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) detected by allozyme electrophoresis, G.C. Eickwort Memorial Volume. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 69:168-176. [abstract]
A40: Richards, M.H. and L. Packer. 1996. The socioecology of body size variation in the primitively eusocial sweat bee, Halictus ligatus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Oikos. 77:68-76. [abstract]
A39: Pabalan, N., K.G. Davey and L. Packer 1996. Comparative morphology of spermathecae in solitary and primitively eusocial bees (Hymenoptera; Apoidea). Canadian Journal of Zoology. 74:802-808. [abstract]
A38: Richards, M.H. and L. Packer. 1995. Annual variation in survival and reproduction of the primitively eusocial sweat bee, Halictus ligatus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 73:933-941. [abstract]
A37: Richards, M.H., L. Packer and J. Seger. 1995. Unexpected patterns of parentage and relatedness in a primitively eusocial bee. Nature. 373:239-241. [abstract]
A36: Packer, L., A. Dzinas, K. Strickler and V. Scott. 1995. Genetic differentiation between two host "races" and two species of cleptoparasitic bees and between their two hosts. Biochemical Genetics. 33:97-109. [abstract]
A35: Packer, L. 1994. Lasioglossum (Dialictus) tenax (Sandhouse) (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) as a solitary sweat bee. Insectes Sociaux. 41:309-313. [abstract]
A34: Richards, M.H. and L. Packer. 1994. Trophic aspects of caste determination in Halictus ligatus, a primitively eusocial sweat bee. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 34:385-391. [abstract]
A33: Packer, L. and R.E. Owen. 1994. Relatedness and sex ratio in a primitively eusocial halictine bee. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 34:1-10. [abstract]
A32: Owen, R.E. and L. Packer. 1994. Estimation of the proportion of diploid males in populations of Hymenoptera. Heredity. 72:219-227. [abstract]
A31: Li, J., I.B. Heath and L. Packer. 1993. The phylogenetic relationships of the anaerobic chytridiomycetous gut fungi (Neocallimasticaceae) and the Chytridiomycota. II. Cladistic analysis of structural data and description of Neocallimasticales ord. nov. Canadian Journal of Botany. 71:393-407. [abstract]
A30: Rosenmeier, L. and L. Packer. 1993. A comparison of genetic variation in two sibling species pairs of haplodiploid insects. Biochemical Genetics. 31:185-200. [abstract]
A29: Packer, L. 1993. Two distinctive new species of Halictine bees from high altitude in the New World tropics (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 71:1653-1662. [abstract]
A28: Blanchetot, A., and L. Packer. 1993. Genetic variability in the social bee Lasioglossum marginatum and a cryptic undescribed sibling species, as detected by DNA fingerprinting and allozyme electrophoresis. Insect Molecular Biology. 1:89-97.[abstract]
A27: Owen, R.E., L.J. Mydynski, D.B. McCorquodale and L. Packer. 1992. Allozyme variation in bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Biochemical Genetics. 30:443-453. [abstract]
A26: Packer, L. 1992. The social organisation of Lasioglossum (Dialictus) laevissimum (Smith) in southern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 70:1767-1774. [abstract]
A25: Packer, L., R.E. Owen and C. Plateaux-Quénu. 1992. Electrophoretic evidence that Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) mediterraneum (Blüthgen) is a species distinct from L. (E.) laticeps (Schenck) (Hymenoptera, Halictidae), with notes on its phylogenetic position. Canadian Entomologist. 124:371-380. [abstract]
A24: Packer, L. and R.E. Owen. 1992. Variable enzyme systems in the Hymenoptera. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 20:1-7. [abstract]
A23: Packer, L. 1991. The evolution of social behavior and nest architecture in sweat bees of the subgenus Evylaeus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae): a phylogenetic approach. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 29:153-160. [abstract]
A22: Packer, L. 1990. Solitary and eusocial nests in a population of Augochlorella striata (Provancher) (Hymenoptera; Halictidae) at the northern edge of its range. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 27:339-344. [abstract]
A21: Packer, L. and R.E. Owen. 1990. Allozyme variation, linkage disequilibrium and diploid male production in a primitively social bee Augochlorella striata (Hymenoptera; Halictidae). Heredity. 65:241-248. [abstract]
A20: Packer, L. and R.E. Owen. 1989. Isozyme variation in Halictus rubicundus: a primitively social bee (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Canadian Entomologist. 121:1049-1058. [abstract]
A19: Packer, L., V. Jessome, C. Lockerbie and B. Sampson. 1989. The phenology and social biology of four sweat bees in a marginal environment: Cape Breton Island. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 67:2871-2877. [abstract]
A18: Packer, L., B. Sampson, C. Lockerbie and V. Jessome. 1989. Nest architecture and brood mortality in four species of sweat bee (Hymenoptera; Halictidae) from Cape Breton Island. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 67:2864-2870. [abstract]
A17: Plateaux-Quénu, C., L. Plateaux and L. Packer. 1989. Biological notes on Evylaeus villosulus (K.) (Hymenoptera, Halictidae), a bivoltine, largely solitary halictine bee. Insectes Sociaux. 36:245-263. [abstract]
A16: Packer, L. and R.E. Owen. 1989. Notes on the biology of Lasioglossum cooleyi (Crawford), an eusocial halictine bee (Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Canadian Entomologist. 121:431-438. [abstract]
A15: Darling, C.D. and L. Packer. 1988. Effectiveness of Malaise traps in collecting Hymenoptera: The influence of trap design, mesh size, and location. Canadian Entomologist. 120:787-796. [abstract]
A14: Packer, L. 1988. The effect of Bombylius pulchellus (Diptera; Bombyliidae) and other mortality factors upon the biology of Halictus ligatus (Hymenoptera; Halictidae) in southern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 66:611-616. [abstract]
A13: Packer, L. and G. Knerer. 1987. The biology of a subtropical population of Halictus ligatus Say (Hymenoptera; Halictidae). III. The transition between annual and continuously brooded colony cycles. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 60:510-516. [abstract]
A12: Packer, L. 1987. The triungulin larva of Nemognatha (Pauronemognatha) punctulata LeConte (Coleoptera; Meloidae) with a description of the nest of its host Megachile brevis pseudobrevis Say (Hymenoptera; Megachilidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society. 60:280-287. [abstract]
A11: Packer, L. 1987. A description of the mature larva and cocoon of the bee Thygater (Hymenoptera; Anthophoridae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 95:23-27. [abstract]
A10: Packer, L. and G. Knerer 1986. The biology of a subtropical population of Halictus ligatus Say (Hymenoptera; Halictidae). I. Phenology and social organisation. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 18:363-375. [abstract]
A9: Packer, L. 1986. The biology of a subtropical population of Halictus ligatus Say (Hymenoptera, Halictidae). II: Male behaviour. Ethology. 72:287-298. [abstract]
A8: Packer, L. 1986. The biology of a subtropical population of Halictus ligatus IV: A cuckoo-like caste. Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 94:458-466. [abstract]
A7: Packer, L. 1986. The social organisation of Halictus ligatus (Hymenoptera; Halictidae) in southern Ontario. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 64:2317-2324. [abstract]
A6: Packer, L. 1986. Multiple foundress associations in a temperate population of Halictus ligatus (Hymenoptera; Halictidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology. 64:2325-2332. [abstract]
A5: Packer, L. and G. Knerer. 1986. An analysis of variation in the nest architecture of Halictus ligatus in Ontario. Insectes Sociaux. 33:190-204. [abstract]
A4: Packer, L. and G. Knerer. 1985. Social evolution and its correlates in bees of the subgenus Evylaeus (Hymenoptera; Halictidae). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 17:143-149. [abstract]
A3: Packer, L. 1985. Two social halictine bees from southern Mexico with a note on two bee hunting philanthine wasps (Hymenoptera: Halictidae and Sphecidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 51:291-298. [abstract]
A2: Packer, L. 1984. The ecological genetics of the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge aegeria L. - A preliminary study. Heredity. 52:179-188. [abstract]
A1: Packer, L. 1983. The nesting biology and social organisation of Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) laticeps (Hymenoptera, Halictidae) in England. Insectes Sociaux. 30:367-375. [abstract]

Papers Published in Books:

B5: Packer, L. 1998. Reproductive altruism in insects. (pp 118-128.) In. The Encyclopaedia of Reproduction. Edited by Adashi, E.Y. et al., Harcourt - Brace.
B4: Packer, L. 1994. Biodiversity and the food supply. pp. 117-123. In: Human society and the natural world: perspectives on sustainable futures. Edited by D.V.J. Bell, et al., Faculty of Environmental Studies, North York.
B3: Packer, L. 1994. The extirpation of the Karner Blue butterfly in Ontario. pp. 143-152. In: The Karner Blue Butterfly: a symbol of a vanishing landscape. D. Andow, R. Baker and C. Lane (Eds.). University of Minnesota Press, St. Paul. MN.
B2: Packer, L. 1993. Multiple foundress associations in sweat bees. pp. 215-233. In: Queen number and sociality in insects. Edited by L. Keller. Oxford University Press.
B1: Packer, L. 1991. The status of two butterflies, Karner Blue (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) and Frosted Elfin (Incisalia irus), restricted to oak savannah in Ontario. pp. 253-271. In: Conserving Carolinian Canada G.M. Allen, P.F.J. Eagles and S.D. Price (Eds.). University of Waterloo Press.