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Cultural Theory  through Interactive Multimedia

F/W 2003-2004
www.yorku.ca/caitlin/4930

PREREQUISITE: FACS 3930 6.0 or permission of the instructor

Dr. Caitlin Fisher
203 Winters, 736-2100 x 77449
caitlin@yorku.ca
Office Hours: Tuesdays 12-1

Course meets: Fridays
Seminar 1:30-3:30         FFA 330/334
Lab        3:30-5:30        FFA 330/334


COURSE DESCRIPTION

In this course we will explore resonances between multimedia practices and contemporary cultural theories in an effort to push the limits of our understanding of both.  Aspects of digital multimedia have been theorized variously as the 'concretization of poststructuralist theory', as sometimes 'readerly'/sometimes 'writerly' and 'ergodic' texts, and understood as cinematic, performative and architectural.  What does all that mean?  In this course you will find out.  Together we will explore these claims through encounters with print and electronic texts, both as readers and as practitioners of new media.  In the lab, we will test the intellectual and creative use of digital tools and discover ways to use digital media to advance our understanding of theoretical concepts tackled in the seminar.  Students are encouraged to work across media and will be guided through the creation of  highly conceptualized multimedia projects that demonstrate an understanding of both cultural theory and electronic artmaking, and a response in your own voice to the question 'how do digital technologies interact with artistic practice in the exploration of ideas?

Goals:

This course will encourage

- understanding of a broad range of cultural theories at an advanced undergraduate level
- ability to apply these theories to your own work in multimedia
- creative and intentional meeting of theory and practice in your own work
- you to develop an effective language for describing your work and providing constructive critique to your peers and collaborators
- collaborative and playful approaches to media art practice

How the class is structured

The first section of each class will be devoted to lecture/seminar. Lab periods will be devoted to demonstrations of techniques, critiques of student work, and hands-on instruction.  You will have time during the labs, of course, to work on assignments. Some meetings may be dedicated to viewing local exhibitions or presentations by digital arts professionals if opportunities present themselves over the course of the year.

REQUIRED TEXTS

1. The New Media Reader edited by Noah Wardrip-Fruin and Nick Montfort

MIT Press 2003, isbn: 0262232278  (available in the York Bookstore)

From the book jacket: The new media field has been developing for more than 50 years. This reader collects the texts, videos, and computer programs‹many of them now almost impossible to find‹that chronicle the history and form the foundation of this still-emerging field. The texts are from computer scientists, artists, architects, literary writers, interface designers, cultural critics, and individuals working across disciplines. They were originally published between World War II (when digital computing, cybernetic feedback, and early notions of hypertext and the Internet first appeared) and the emergence of the World Wide Web (when these concepts entered the mainstream of public life).

The CD accompanying the book contains examples of early games, digital art, independent literary efforts, software created at universities, and home-computer commercial software. Also on the CD is digitized video, documenting new media programs and artwork for which no operational version exists.

2. e-kit. In addition, a large number of required texts for this course (both theoretical texts and multimedia texts/web art projects) are available online and can be accessed through the course web page:   www.yorku.ca/caitlin/4930

Suggested


3. Scott McCloud Understanding Comics, NY: HarperPerennial, 1993.

4. Recent reference books on Photoshop, Premiere, Director and Flash.

COMPUTER REQUIREMENTS

Information about your accounts for this course, including server space and ftp information will be made available in class.

Lab User Fee
To get access to Labs outside class time students must pay a $40 a term lab access fee.

ASSIGNMENTS                                                             Due date

In-class participation, listserv                     15%                  Ongoing

Art blog                                                 10%                  ongoing

First term production mini-assignments       5%                    Oct 10

                                                             10%                Nov 28

Lab Presentation (may be done in pairs)        10%                 Various

Seminar presentation (may be done in pairs)  10%                 Various

Show and tell:                                         5%                  Various 

Final Project Proposal                                10%                Jan 23

Final Project                                           25%                  Apr 2

GROUND RULES

This syllabus lays out deadlines for assignments clearly, and the seminar presentation allows you to choose your own deadline. If any of these dates pose a problem for you, please consult me well in advance to negotiate a different due date. Exceptions can be made for reasons of domestic affliction or illness, with proper documentation; otherwise, work must be turned in on time.

A note on participation: being part of an intellectual community means attending class regularly and punctually, reading thoughtfully in advance and involving yourself in class discussions in a way that enables you and other students to learn.

Participation: 20%

1. In class participation.   See 'groundrules', above.
2. Listserv
All students must subscribe to the class listserv, called "FACS4930". The listserv will be used to circulate announcements and to foster a sense of the intellectual community we are building here.  You will use it to share reading responses (more below) ask questions, give assistance and share information, advice and resources.  After you are subscribed, to send messages to the listserv address them to "FACS4930@yorku.ca".  Please give me your preferred email address during our second meeting. If you do not have an email account yet and aren't sure how to access MAYA, please come to see me.

Art Blog 10%
Blogging is an interesting phenomenon that is perhaps best understood through doing. You are required to keep a blog of the main ideasa found in our readings and ideas raised for you by this class and to contribute to your blog  on (at least) a weekly basis. You may want to cite a passage you found particularly challenging/intriguing and state why you found it so; identify a larger topic or question that you think connects the different texts; offer a critique of one or more of the pieces, offer a reading of how these texts construct/make legible new media. What is at stake in these constructions?  We will discuss blogging itself in class and discuss how you might get your blog up and running.  I will check in on your blog at least once a term.  If the class wishes, we may build a big collaborative art blog rather than focus on individual blogs.

Class or Lab Presentation 10%

Students will be responsible for:
-
leading part of a seminar (approx. 30 minutes) and introducing theoretical texts and concepts
- running part of a lab session (approx 30 minutes) and introducing software and techniques to your classmates. 

Show and Tell 5%
You will be responsible for reading/viewing/experince a new media art work on CDROM and doing a brief ­ 15 minute maximum ­ show and tell for the class.  Begin with a brief description,  use the data projector to walk the class through the work, and highlight its interest for this class ­ does it help to clarify the concept?  Is it an example of something we're studying?  Does it raise questions or possibilities we haven't considered?   

1st term mini-assignments 15%: 

There will be a choice of several short‑term production assignments linked to demonstrations of new software or techniques/theoretical discussions of artistic approaches.  We will share these projects in the seminar and on our web site. More information will be given in class.

Final Project, Final Project Proposal, Proposal Presentation 35%  (10% proposal and presentation +25%)
The second half of the course will be dedicated to a pursuit of a major artistic project of your own design (due in the final week). The final project gives you the opportunity to engage one aspect of the course that you find intriguing/disturbing/engaging and to demonstrate your understanding of theoretical issues discussed in class.  This project might take the form of a demonstration of the ways multimedia illuminates theory. Conversely, it might show how theory illuminates new information technologies or the new textualities that it produces. I know that you will bring diverse experiences and perspectives to this class and I am  prepared to entertain any ideas you may have. You can build a website, an installation, a director or flash project or ?. In your proposal, lay out the key theoretical issue/s you will be addressing and how you plan on addressing it/them (this means offering a bibliography/list of sites, as well as listing the technologies you will probably be using). You need to justify your project‑‑state why it is important, and state precisely why you have chosen it. Collaborative projects are welcome, however, please articulate in your proposal the roles and responsibilities of each collaborator. Specific parameters for the project proposals will be discussed in class. After I have read the proposals, I will meet with each of you during a 30‑minute session. As well, students will be required to present their proposal/work in progress to the class who will, in turn, provide constructive critique.

Academic Honesty:
York Students are subject to policies regarding academic honesty as set out by the Senate of York University and by the Faculty of Fine Arts. Please read the Senate Policy on Academic Honesty in the ŒUniversity Policies and Regulations' section of the Undergraduate Programmes Calendar.

Seminar Schedule
Note: I will make every effort to follow the syllabus as outlined, but reserve the right to make scheduling changes when further discussion of a given topic is required or to take advantage of unforeseen events and opportunities. All readings are found either in The New Media Reader or online. Additional web resources may be added throughout the term to reflect students' interests. You will find links to online readings from our class website.


Week 1 September 12
Introductions, Course design, assignments and expectations for next class meeting:

purchase text from bookstore

explore Multimedia: from Wagner to Virtual Reality < www.artmuseum.net>

and TimeStream: A History of Media the first work of net art commissioned by New York's Museum of Modern Art -- allows visitors to explore such varied topics as ancient Egyptian modes of communication, the camera obscura, cathode-ray tubes, and X-ray devices -- a loose history of media.


Week 2 September 19
Inventing the Medium (New Media Reader)

Janet H. Murray [if you can't get the textbook in time there is a version of these chapters online -- online version is excerpt]

New Media from Borges to HTML (New Media Reader)

Lev Manovich [if you can't get the textbook in time there is a version of these chapters online -- online version is excerpt]

Explore the following website: Ars Electronica considered one of the world's premier showcases of new media art. "'One never  sees a new art,' someone once wrote about new media. 'A 'new art,' may be recognized by the fact that it is not recognized.' And so the story goes with the Ars Electronica Festival, an annual celebration of all things new in the field of art and technology, some easy to recognize and others not so."

Alex Galloway's 'Rhizome' commentary on Ars Electronica 2001.

show and tell: fineart forum CD


Week 3 September 26th

Ch 49. The End of Books Robert Coover, 1992

Ch 42. Siren Shapes: Exploratory and Constructive Hypertexts Michael Joyce, 1988

New Media Reader CDROM: Writing on the Edge by various authors. 1991.

The Spring 1991 issue included this special section, edited by Stuart Moulthrop, and was bundled with Storypace hypertexts "Izme Pass" by Carolyn Guyer and Martha Petry and "WOE" by Michael Joyce, also included.

Show and tellFigurski at Findhorn on Acid


Week 4 October3rd

Collagist practices of knowledge

Ch 07. The Cut Up Method of Brion Gysin William S. Burroughs, 1961 (New Media Reader)

Christy Sheffield Red Mona

Critical Art Ensemble Utopian Plagiarism, Hypertextuality and Electronic Cultural productionœ (handout)

bending/breaking/building: the resonance of digital technologies in experimental sound (pdf)


Week 5 October 10th Memory I: personification

As We May Think Vannevar Bush, 1945 (New Media Reader)

Manovich, "Database as a Symbolic Form" (online)
Ch 08. From Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework
Douglas Engelbart, 1962 (New Media Reader)

Ch 16. A Research Center for Augmenting Human Intellect Douglas Engelbart and William English, 1968

Suggested : Vanevar Bush, "Memex Revisited" (online)

First mini assignment due 5%  Discuss/show mini-assignments

film: Shimon Attie

Show and tell: cdrom: Michele Schauff memory media


Week 6 October 17th Association of Internet Researchers conference (downtown):

I am trying to negotiate a reduced price for you to attend aoir 4.0 Toronto 2003: broadening the band

October 16-19, 2003.  You can find out more about the conference here: http://aoir.org/2003/

³Though the Internet has become an integral part of the daily existence of many cultures worldwide, we have only begun to understand the ways in which it transforms our interactions, our knowledge, and our selves. Research on the Internet is a growing part of academic work, and it cuts across a wide variety of disciplines. The Association of Internet Researchers (AoIR) was formed out of a recognition of the need to bring together people from diverse academic and cultural perspectives in order to advance collective understanding of the impact of this technology on contemporary life. More about the Conference. The seed sponsors of AoiR Toronto 2003 are Seneca College, the University of Toronto's Knowledge Media Design Institute (KMDI), the Bell University Labs at University of Toronto, the byDesign eLab, and the eCommons/Agora.


Week 7 October 24th Rhizomatic spaces: Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari

Reading:27. From A Thousand Plateaus Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, 1980

 "A Thousand Plateaus is a difficult but rewarding book of radical philosophy ÷ one of the most influential of the late Twentieth Century. While not concerned with new media technology (the book was first published in 1980), Deleuze and Guattari clearly forecast the direction of postmodern techno-culture, innovating several key philosophical concepts from the Internet-like rhizome to the ever shifting territories of the nomad. Translator Brian Massumi offers some advice: "This is a book that speaks of many things, of ticks and quilts and fuzzy subsets and noology and political economy... The best way of all to approach the book is to read it as a challenge: to pry open the vacant spaces that would enable you to build your life and those of the people around you into a plateau of intensity..."

53. Nomadic Power and Cultural Resistance Critical Art Ensemble, 1994

visit Rhizome.org

Suggested: Moulthrop "Rhizome and Resistance: Hypertext and the Dreams of a New Culture" (online)

Hakim Bey ãTAZ" (online)


Week 8 October 31st

The Act of Reading, Active Reading.

Foucault, "Authors and Writers" (I will bring copies to class)

Barthes, "What is an Author?" (I will bring copies to class)

Douglas Gaps, maps and perception: what readers don't do (online)


Week 9 November 7

Ch. 01. The Garden of Forking Paths Jorge Luis Borges, 1941

New media reader CDROM "forking paths" by Stuart Moulthrop. 1987.

Complete documentation of this previously unpublished hypertext fiction, based on Jorge Luis Borges's story.   

online Garden of Forking paths resource



Week 10 November 14 Memory 2: Mnemonic systems  and the archive

Walter Benjamin Arcades Project (online translation)
30. Proposal for a Universal Electronic Publishing System and Archive (from Literary Machines) Theodor H. Nelson, 1981

Victor Burgin œthe city in piecesœ (kit)

Show and tellPassagen


Week 11 November 21 gender and difference

Page - "Restive Text" (online)
Guertin,
Queen Bees And The Hum Of The Hive" (online)

Suggested: if you don't know the story of Scheherazade, you will miss the intertext of Page's piece. Check it out online: Thousand and One Nights

suggested: Riding the Meridian: Women and Technology issue (click to archive)


Week 12 November 28th

Cyborg-Feminists and Writing the Body.

Ch 35. A Cyborg Manifesto Donna Haraway, 1985
Mark Amerika, "
Stitch Bitch: The Hypertext Author As Cyborg-Femme Narrator." (online)
Shelly Jackson
My body a Wunderkammer" (online)
New Media Reader CDROM: Eliza/Doctor by Joseph Weizenbaum. 1964­66.

The first chatterbot. This simulated psychotherapist is available for a session.

show and tell: Jackson Patchwork Girl

Second mini-assignment due 10% last class of the term for this class
Last day of undergraduate classes is December 2nd. Happy holidays.


Week 13 January 9th Image and text

Semiotics for Beginners website : "we seem as a species to be driven by a desire to make meanings: above all, we are surely Homo significans - meaning makers. And it is this meaning-making which is at the heart of the concerns of semiotics."

Ch 50. Time Frames (from Understanding Comics) Scott McCloud, 1993
Ch 47. Seeing and Writing (from Writing Space) J. David Bolter, 1991
Mitchell, William J. "Intention and Artifice" "How to Do Things with Pictures".
McCloud website
http://www.scottmccloud.com

Suggested: McCloud Understanding Comics


Week 14 January 16 authenticity and aura

Benjamin The Work of Art in the Age of mechanical Reproduction (online)
Julian H. Scaff Art and Authenticity in the Age of Digital Reproduction

web art: Michael Mandiberg. This conceptual work of net art forces us to question how we choose to value an image -- or not.œ http://www.aftersherrielevine.com


Week 15th January 23rd

postcolonial

Jaishree Odin: The Edge of Difference: Negotiations Between the Hypertextual and the Postcolonial (online)

Film: Reassemblage: from the firelight to the screen Trinh T. Minh-ha

Web: Hacking the Border <www.borderhack.org

View: reassemblage

Final Project Proposal due


Week 16 January 30th           Cinema and Digital Media

What is Digital Cinema? (Manovich), (online)
 
New Media Reader CDROM: Lorna and Deep Contact by Lynn Hershman. 1979­89.

Video documentation of Lorna, the first interactive videodisc artwork, and Hershman's later Deep Contact.

Brwose: Hyperbole Studios Online Lumiere Festival of Interactive Film and Storytelling

Film:Marker, La Jetteple of a Recent Trend...

One fresh trend that's forming in net art is the website dedicated to reinterpreting a film. An example: "The Jetty," by Hidekazu Minami, a New York-based visual artist and interactive designer. Based on "La Jette," by Chris Marker, Minami's site articulates the chronological events experienced by the characters in Marker's film. Some of the events are related at the same time, so multiple characters' points of view are seen at once, offering site visitors a poetic synopsis of the film. "The Jetty" has most recently been exhibited at the Museum of Image and Sound in Sao Paulo, Brazil. (from rhizome.org)

Wigged.net is a webzine that is focused on bringing innovative short videos, animations and live performances over the internet and is a leader in interactive film development and distribution.

http://hypertext.rmit.edu.au/vog/

explore: interactive cinema research at MIT

show and tell: GASBOOK7


Week 17 February 6th Ergodic texts, chance and games

Ch 52. Nonlinearity and Literary Theory Espen Aarseth, 1994
Ch
12. Six Selections by the Oulipo
One Hundred Thousand Billion Poems Raymond Queneau, 1961
Yours for the Telling Raymond Queneau, 1967
Brief History of the Oulipo Jean Lescure, 1967
For a Potential Analysis of Combinatory Literature Claude Berge, 1973
Computer and Writer: The Centre Pompidou Experiment
Paul Forunel, 1981
Prose and Anticombinatorics Italo Calvino, 1981

Art World Starts to Pay Attention to Video Games (online)

browse Gamestudies the first academic journal dedicated to interdisciplinary computer game research

"Game Show" focuses on artist-created games made in the 1990s. http://www.massmoca.org

New media Reader CDROM: Spacewar! by Stephen Russell et al. 1962.
The first modern video game, running in a PDP-1 emulator.


Last day to drop F/W courses is February 6th. Reading week is February 16-20th.


Week 18 February 13th      data surveillance and the digital panopticon

click here first if you don't know what a panopticon is

Ch 51. Surveillance and Capture: Two Models of Privacy Philip E. Agre, 1994

Lyon, David. "From Big Brother to the Electronic Panopticon" (online)

Robins and Webster, "Cybernetic Capitalism" (online)

Wexelblat, Alan. "How is the NII Like a Prison?" (online)

Recommended reading
Gandy Jr., Oscar H. "It's Discrimination, Stupid!" in Resisting the Virtual Life

Gandy Jr., Oscar H. "Operating the Panoptic Sort"

Poster, Mark. "Foucault and Data Bases" in The Mode of Information


Week 19 February 27th

Agents  and collaborators
Lenny Foner, "Entertaining Agents"

File Sharing for Artists ³There's been so much hype in the past touting the Web's potential for true interactivity and creative exchange. But how easy has it been for artists of all media to access and share digital work online² <http://www.ivystone.com/arss>

Explore the agents at the MIT media lab


Week 20 March 5th   Libraries of Babel and the semantic web

Borges Web Resources Library of Babel

The Babel website creates a shared 3-D data space (among all who log onto the site simultaneously) that disintegrates into an indecipherable landscape. Ultimately, the jumble of colorful numbers serves as a poetic metaphor for the endless amounts of information available online.œ <http://hosted.simonbiggs.easynet.co.uk/babel/babel.htm>


Week 21 March 12th

Locating ourselves in space and place

31. Will There be Condominiums in Data Space? Bill Viola, 1982

Cato ã City Image, narrative and interaction design (browse online)

browse:
City of Bits (online -- read the synopsis and browse)

City Sites: an electronic book, multimedia essays on New York and Chicago,

1870-1939 at: http://www.citysites.org.uk

Brooklyn: http://www.bkyn.com

Home: Home is an interactive, navigable virtual-reality environment that explores ideas about swelling and its relation to the psyche. In it, a house abandoned by its owners, is up for sale. Half-empty spaces still reverberate with memories and the most private moments of its previous inhabitants. Deceptively normal looking from the outside, once inside, spaces stretch and break apart and walls fall away, leaving only a small plateau hanging in emptiness, resounding with the lives and voices of those who still haunt it.
http://www.evl.uic.edu/research/ 

Apartment: Apartment is inspired by the idea of the memory palace. In a mnemonic technique from a pre-Post-It era, Cicero imagined inscribing the themes of a speech on a suite of rooms in a villa, and then reciting that speech by mentally walking from space to space. Establishing an equivalence between language and space, Apartment connects the written word with different forms of spatial configurations.œ

http://turbulence.org/Works/apartment/index.htm

show and tell: 
being on Time CD 


Week March 19th

Simulacra and virtual reality caves


Ch 19. Requiem for the Media Jean Baudrillard, 1972

The Pavilion Billy Klüver, 1972

The Architecture Machine Group. 1978­83.

Video documentation of this MIT research group's projects Put-That-There and the Aspen Movie Map.

Browse:  MIT media lab


Week 23 March19th

Interfaces

Digital Dialectic ch 4 The Condition of Virtualityœ (N. Kathryn Hayles)

Is new media art circumscribed by commercial software packages? Are the prevailing conventions for user interfaces another example of American cultural imperialism? Artist-programmer John Simon talks with Robert Atkins.œ <http://www.mediachannel.org/arts/perspectives/simon/front.shtml>

A variety of interfaces and browsers will be made available via the course webpage ö feel free to send your favourites to the listserv so I can add them!

netomat

alt.interface

"Alt.interface is an artist's series designed to encourage new and challenging work from new media artists. Alt.interface focuses on "interface artworks" that overlay Rhizome.org's online databases of text and art. These interfaces provide visual ways to navigate and/or access the database and its content. They are among the purest representations of the intersection of art and technology and exemplify the provocative work being created with digital media."

Every Image ALEX GALLOWAY

Every Image is a screen saver viewable from your computer desktop. It draws upon the hundreds of items in the Rhizome archive to create a slide show of images and text.

Spiral MARTIN WATTENBERG

Spiral also shows items in the Rhizome archive, but organizes them chronologically into a three-dimensional spiral timeline. Use the interface to fly forward and backward in time.

StarryNight ALEX GALLOWAY & MARK TRIBE with MARTIN WATTENBERG

StarryNight is a interface for viewing and browsing information in the Rhizome archive. Each item in our archive is represented by a star. Use the star constellations to follow your interests through the archive.

New Media reader CDROM: The NLS demo by Douglas Engelbart. 1968.

Film footage of the first demonstration of hypertext, the mouse, and videoconferencing, among other innovations.


 Week 23 March26th

Art without Borders

In a time when the image of earth is a satellite photo from outside our atmosphere, our idea of ourselves changes daily. Can culture actually exist without a locality? If it can, what kind of culture will it be? Does art depend on a community of artists supported in a real community of which they are a part? What is the role of the artist in a world connected without regard to time or space?

http://radio.cbc.ca/programs/ideas/transcripts/alphabet.html

 This show features a time-line tracing the evolution of creative uses of the global communications network by artists dating back to the 1920s and up to the 21st century.œ

<Http://telematic.walkerart.org/>

Murmur project

 

13. Two Selections by Marshall McLuhan The Medium is the Message (from Understanding Media), 1964

The Galaxy Reconfigured or the Plight of Mass Man in an Individualist Society (from The Gutenberg Galaxy), 1969

cell phone art


Week 24 April 2nd Tying it all together?  33 years after Nelson

From Software Information Technology: Its New Meaning for Art Theodor H. Nelson, Nicholas Negroponte, and Les Levine, 1970 Ch 21. From Computer Lib / Dream Machines

New Media Reader CDROM: Early work on the Web. 1995-96.
The Web-published fiction The Electronic Chronicles; records of the Parkbench performances; the hypervideo documentary Jerome B. Wiesner: A Random Walk Through the 20th Century; and the dancing baby.

Final Projects Due. Students will discuss and present their final projects in class.

Last day of undergraduate classes is April 2nd. There will be no final exam for this class.