Scott MacKenzie Human-Computer Interaction: An Empirical Research Perspective Details Teaching Publications Invited Talks Research Notes Contact Last update: 17/4/2014

Details

• Current employment – Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at York University
• Previous employment (1992-1999) – Department of Computing and Information Science (University of Guelph)
• 2002-2003 – sabbatical leave at Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction, Tampere, Finland
• Research – human-computer interaction with an emphasis on human performance measurement and modeling, interaction devices and techniques, text entry, mobile computing, accessible computing, touch-based interaction, eye tracking, and experimental methodology
• PhD thesis – Fitts' Law as a Performance Model in Human-Computer Interaction (1991)
• H-index = 46 (click here)
• First author of 18 papers with 100+ citations (click here)
• 1^st book – The 8051 Microcontroller (1992, 1995, 1999, 4^th edition 2007) and accompanying hardware, SBC51
• 2^nd book – The 68000 Microprocessor (1995)
• 3^rd book (edited) – Text Entry Systems: Mobility, Accessibility, Universality (2007)
• 4^th book – Human-Computer Interaction: An Empirical Research Perspective (2013)
• 68KMB (no longer available)

Teaching

• COSC 5910 M: Software Foundations ( W05 | W06 | W12 )
• COSC 6390C: Advanced Human-Computer Interaction ( W04 )
• CSE 6329: Advanced Human-Computer Interaction ( W07 | F07 | F08 | F09 | F12 | F13 )
• CSE 4441: Human-Computer Interaction ( F04 | W06 | W07 | W08 | W09 | W10 | W11 | W12 | W13 )
• CSE 4443: Mobile User Interfaces ( W14 )
• CSE 3461: User Interfaces ( F01 | W02 | F03 | F04 | F05 | F06 | F07 | F08 | F09 | F11 | F13 )
• COSC 1020: Introduction to Computer Science I (F00 | W04 )
• ITEC 1011: Introduction to Information Technologies ( W01 )
• ITEC 1010: Information and Organizations ( W00 )

• Research in Advanced User Interfaces: Models, Methods, Measures ( W03 )

• 27-160: Foundations of Programming
• 27-202: Introduction to Computer Organization
• 27-240: Introduction to Information Processing
• 27-312: Digital Systems
• 27-430: Human Computer Interaction
• 27-450: Advanced Microprocessor Interfacing
• 27-621: Research in Design Methods for Human-Computer Interaction
• 66-201: Structure and Application of Microcomputers

Publications

1. Felzer, T., MacKenzie, I. S., & Rinderknecht, S. (in press). Applying small-keyboard computer control to the real world. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computers Helping People With Special Needs - ICCHP 2014. Berlin: Springer.
2. Raynal, M., MacKenzie, I. S., & Merlin, B. (in press). Semantic Keyboard: Fast movement between keys of a soft keyboard. Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computers Helping People With Special Needs - ICCHP 2014. Berlin: Springer.
3. Teather, R. J., & MacKenzie, I. S. (in press). Position vs. velocity control for tilt-based interaction. Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2014. Toronto, Canada: Canadian Information Processing Society.
4. Park, T., Lee, U., MacKenzie, I. S., Moon, M., Hwang, I., & Song, J. (in press). Human factors of speed-based exergame controllers. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI 2014. New York: ACM.
5. Hansen, J. P., Alapetite, A., MacKenzie, I. S., & Møllenbach, E. (2014). The use of gaze to control drones. Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications - ETRA 2014, pp. 27-34. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/2578153.2578156 [PDF]
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6. MacKenzie, I. S. (2013). Human-computer interaction: An empirical research perspective. Waltham, MA: Morgan Kaufmann. [Book web site] [eBook (requires Passport York account)] Print ISBN: 9780124058651. eBook ISBN: 9780124071650. Also available from Elsevier.
7. MacKenzie, I. S., & Castellucci, S. J. (2013). Eye on the message: Reducing attention demand for touch-based text entry. International Journal of Virtual Worlds and Human-Computer Interaction, 1, 1-9. [PDF] [video] [software]
8. MacKenzie, I. S. (2013). A note on the validity of the Shannon formulation for Fitts' index of difficulty. Open Journal of Applied Sciences, 3(6), 360-368. doi:10.4236/ojapps.2013.36046 [PDF]
9. Fitton, D., MacKenzie, I. S., Read, J. C., & Horton, M. (2013). Exploring tilt-based text input for mobile devices with teenagers. Proceedings of the 27^th International British Computer Society Human-Computer Interaction Conference – HCI 2013. London: British Computer Society. [PDF] [video] [software]
10. Castellucci, S. J., and MacKenzie, I. S. (2013). Gathering text entry metrics on Android devices. Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia and Human-Computer Interaction - MHCI 2013, pp. 120.1-120.8. Ottawa, Canada: International ASET, Inc. [PDF] [video]
11. Castellucci, S. J., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2013). Gestural text entry using Huffman codes. Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia and Human-Computer Interaction - MHCI 2013, pp. 119.1-119.8. Ottawa, Canada: International ASET, Inc. [PDF]
12. Medryk, S., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2013). A comparison of accelerometer and touch-based input for mobile gaming. Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia and Human-Computer Interaction - MHCI 2013, pp. 117.1-117.8. Ottawa, Canada: International ASET, Inc. [PDF] [video]
13. Zaman, L., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2013). Evaluation of nano-stick, foam buttons, and other input methods for gameplay on touchscreen phones. Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia and Human-Computer Interaction - MHCI 2013, pp. 69.1-69.8. Ottawa, Canada: International ASET, Inc. [PDF] [video]
14. Teather, R. J., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2013). Effects of user distraction due to secondary calling and texting tasks. Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia and Human-Computer Interaction - MHCI 2013, pp. 115.1-115.8. Ottawa, Canada: International ASET, Inc. [PDF]
15. Brown, M. A., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2013). Evaluating video game controller usability as related to hand size. Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia and Human-Computer Interaction - MHCI 2013, pp. 114.1-114.8. Ottawa, Canada: International ASET, Inc. [PDF] [video]
16. Cuaresma, J., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2013). A study of variations of Qwerty soft keyboards for mobile phones. Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia and Human-Computer Interaction - MHCI 2013, pp. 126.1-126.8. Ottawa, Canada: International ASET, Inc. [PDF] [video]
17. Castellucci, S. J., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2013). Touch me, hear me, feel me: Feedback preference for mobile text entry. Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia and Human-Computer Interaction - MHCI 2013, pp. 123.1-123.6. Ottawa, Canada: International ASET, Inc. [PDF]
18. Felzer, T., MacKenzie, I. S., & Rinderknecht, S. (2013). OnScreenDualScribe: A computer operation tool for users with a neuromuscular disease. Proceedings of 15^th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction – HCII 2013, pp. 474-483. Berlin: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39188-0_51 [PDF]
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19. MacKenzie, I. S., & Teather, R. J. (2012). FittsTilt: The application of Fitts' law to tilt-based interaction. Proceedings of the Seventh Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction – NordiCHI 2012, pp. 568-577. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/2399016.2399103 [PDF] [video] [software]
20. Alapetite, A., Hansen, J. P., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2012). Demo of gaze controlled flying. Proceedings of the Eighth Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction – NordiCHI 2012, pp. 773-774. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/2399016.2399140 [PDF] [video]
21. Felzer, T., MacKenzie, I. S., Rinderknecht, S. (2012). DualScribe: A keyboard replacement for those with Friedreich's Ataxia and related diseases. Proceedings of the 13^th International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs – ICCHP 2012, pp. 431-438. Berlin: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-31534-3_64 [PDF]
22. MacKenzie, I. S. (2012). Modeling text entry for single-switch scanning. Proceedings of the 13^th International Conference on Computers Helping People with Special Needs – ICCHP 2012, pp. 423-430. Berlin: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-31534-3_63 [PDF] [software]
23. Bajer, B., MacKenzie, I. S., & Baljko, M. (2012). Huffman base-4 text entry glove (H4-TEG). Proceedings of the International Symposium on Wearable Computing – ISWC 2012, pp. 41-47. New York: IEEE. doi:10.1109/ISWC.2012.28 [PDF] [video]
24. MacKenzie, I. S., & Castellucci, S. J. (2012). Reducing visual demand for gestural text input on touchscreen devices. Extended Abstracts of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI 2012, pp. 2585-2590. New York: ACM. [PDF]
25. MacKenzie, I. S. (2012). Evaluating eye tracking systems for computer input. In Majaranta, P., Aoki, H., Donegan, M., Hansen, D. W., Hansen, J. P., Hyrskykari, A., & Räihä, K.-J. (Eds.) Gaze interaction and applications of eye tracking: Advances in assistive technologies, pp. 205-225. Hershey, PA: IGI Global. doi:10.4018/978-1-61350-098-9
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26. MacKenzie, I. S., Soukoreff, R. W., & Helga, J. (2011). 1 thumb, 4 buttons, 20 words per minute: Design and evaluation of H4-Writer. Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology – UIST 2011, pp. 471-480. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/2047196.2047258 [PDF] [software]
27. Castellucci, S. J., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2011). Gathering text entry metrics on Android devices. Extended Abstracts of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI 2011, pp. 1507-1512. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1979742.1979799 [PDF] [video]
28. Sporka, A., Felzer, T., Kruniawan, S., Polacek, O., Haiduk, P., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2011). CHANTI: Predictive text entry using non-verbal vocal input. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI 2011, pp. 2463-2472. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1978942.1979302 [PDF]
29. MacKenzie, I. S., & Ashtiani, B. (2011). BlinkWrite: Efficient text entry using eye blinks. Universal Access in the Information Society (UAIS), 10, 69-80. doi:10.1007/s10209-010-0188-6 [PDF] [video]
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30. Tinwala, H., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2010). Eyes-free text entry with error correction on touchscreen mobile devices. Proceedings of the Sixth Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction - NordiCHI 2010, pp. 511-520. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1868914.1868972 [PDF]
31. MacKenzie, I. S., & Felzer, T. (2010). SAK: Scanning ambiguous keyboard for efficient one-key text entry. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 17, 11:1-11:39. doi:10.1145/1806923.1806925 [PDF] [software]
32. Felzer, T., MacKenzie, I. S., & Beckerle, P., & Rinderknecht, S. (2010). Qanti: A software tool for quick ambiguous non-standard text input. Proceedings of the 12^th International Conference on Computers Helping People With Special Needs – ICCHP 2010, pp. 128-135. Berlin: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14100-3_20 [PDF]
33. Javanovic, R., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2010). MarkerMouse: Mouse cursor control using a head-mounted marker. Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Computers Helping People With Special Needs – ICCHP 2010, pp. 49-56. Berlin: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14100-3_9 [PDF]
34. Natapov, D., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2010). Gameplay evaluation of the trackball controller. Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on FuturePlay, pp. 167-174. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1920778.1920802 [PDF]
35. Natapov, D., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2010). The trackball controller: Improving the analog stick. Proceedings of the 2010 Conference on FuturePlay, pp. 175-182. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1920778.1920803 [PDF] [video]
36. Ashtiani, B., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2010). BlinkWrite2: An improved text entry method using eye blinks. Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications – ETRA 2010, pp. 339-345. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1743666.1743742 [PDF]
37. MacKenzie, I. S. (2010). An eye on input: Research challenges in using the eye for computer input control. Proceedings of the ACM Symposium in Eye Tracking Research and Applications – ETRA 2010, pp. 11-12. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1743666.1743668 [Keynote address abstract] [PDF] [slides]
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38. Beamish, D., Bhatti, S., Chubbs, C. S., MacKenzie, I. S., Wu, J., & Jing, Z. (2009) Estimation of psychomotor delay from the Fitts' law coefficients. Biological Cybernetics, 101, 279-296. doi:10.1007/s00422-009-0336-3 [PDF]
39. MacKenzie, I. S. (2009). The one-key challenge: Searching for a fast one-key text entry method. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Computers and Accessibility – ASSETS 2009, pp. 91-98. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1639642.1639660 [PDF] [software]
40. Sasangohar, F., MacKenzie, I. S., & Scott, S. D. (2009). Evaluation of mouse and touch input for a tabletop display using Fitts' reciprocal tapping task. Proceedings of the 53^rd Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society – HFES 2009, pp. 839-843. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. doi:10.1177/154193120905301216 [PDF]
41. Soukoreff, R. W., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2009) An informatic rationale for the speed-accuracy tradeoff. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics – SMC 2009, pp. 2890-2896. New York: IEEE. doi:10.1109/ICSMC.2009.5346580 [PDF]
42. Tinwala, H., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2009). Eyes-free text entry on a touchscreen phone. Proceedings of the IEEE Toronto International Conference – Science and Technology for Humanity – TIC-STH 2009, pp. 83-88. New York: IEEE. doi:10.1109/TIC-STH.2009.5444381 [PDF] [video]
43. McArthur, V., Castellucci, S. J., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2009). An empirical comparison of "Wiimote" gun attachments for pointing tasks. Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems – EICS 2009, pp. 203-208. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1570433.1570471 [PDF]
44. Castellucci, S. J., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2009). TnToolkit: A design and analysis tool for ambiguous, QWERTY, and on-screen keypads. Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Engineering Interactive Computing Systems – EICS 2009, pp. 55-60 New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1570433.1570444 [PDF]
45. Natapov, D., Castellucci, S. J., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2009). ISO 9241-9 evaluation of video game controllers. Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2009, pp. 223-230. Toronto: Canadian Information Processing Society. [PDF]
46. MacKenzie, I. S. (2009). Citedness, uncitedness, and the murky world between. Extended Abstracts of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI 2009, pp. 2545-2553. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1520340.1520360 [PDF]
47. Seow, S. C., Wixon, D., MacKenzie, I. S., Jacucci, G., Morrison, A., & Wilson, A. (2009). Multitouch and surface computing. Extended Abstracts of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI 2009, pp. 4767-4770. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1520340.1520736 [PDF]
48. Teather, R. J., Pavlovych, A., Stüerzlinger, W., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2009). Effects of tracking technology, latency, and spatial jitter on object movement. Proceedings of the IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces – 3DUI 2009, pp. 43-50. New York: IEEE. doi:10.1109/3DUI.2009.4811204 [PDF]
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49. Gong, J., Tarasewich, P., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2008). Improved word list ordering for text entry on ambiguous keyboards. Proceedings of the Fifth Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction - NordiCHI 2008, pp. 152-161. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1463160.1463177 [PDF]
50. Fazl-Ersi, E., MacKenzie, I. S., & Tsotsos, J. K. (2008). sLab: Smart labeling of family photos through an interactive interface. Proceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE-CS Joint Conference on Digital Libraries – JCDL 2008, pp. 351-354. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1378889.1378949 [PDF]
51. Castellucci, S. J., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2008). UniGest: Text-entry using three degrees of motion. Extended Abstracts of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI 2008, pp. 3549-3554. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1358628.1358889 [PDF]
52. Tinwala, H., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2008). LetterScroll: Text entry using a wheel for visually impaired users. Extended Abstracts of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI 2008, pp. 3153-3158. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1358628.1358823 [PDF]
53. MacKenzie, I. S., & Isokoski, P. (2008). Fitts' throughput and the speed-accuracy tradeoff. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI 2008, pp. 1633-1636. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1357054.1357308 [PDF]
54. Wobbrock, J. O., Cutrell, E., Harada, S., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2008). An error model for pointing based on Fitts' law. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI 2008, pp. 1613-1622. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1357054.1357306 [PDF]
55. Castellucci, S. J., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2008). Graffiti vs. Unistrokes: An empirical comparison. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI 2008, pp. 305-308. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1357054.1357106 [PDF]
56. MacKenzie, I. S., & Zhang, X. (2008). Eye typing using word and letter prediction and a fixation algorithm. Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications – ETRA 2008, pp. 55-58. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1344471.1344484 [PDF]
57. MacKenzie, I. S. (2008). Reflections on Card, English, and Burr. In Erickson, T., & McDonald, D. W. (Eds.) HCI remixed: Reflections on works that have influenced the HCI community, pp. 289-292. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
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58. Kano, A., Read, J. C., Dix, A., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2007). ExpECT: An expanded error categorization method for text input. People and Computers XXI: Proceedings of HCI 2007, pp. 147-156. London: British Computer Society. [PDF]
59. MacKenzie, I. S., & Read, J. C. (2007). Using paper mockups for evaluating soft keyboard layouts. Proceedings of CASCON 2007, pp. 98-108. Toronto: IBM Canada Ltd. doi:10.1145/1321211.1321222 [PDF]
60. Zhang, X., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2007). Evaluating eye tracking with ISO 9241 – Part 9. Proceedings of HCI International 2007, pp. 779-788. Heidelberg: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-73110-8_85 [PDF]
61. Gong, J., Tarasewich, P., Hafner, C. D., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2007). Improving dictionary-based disambiguation text entry method accuracy. Extended Abstracts of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI 2007, pp. 2387-2392. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1240866.1241012 [PDF]
62. MacKenzie, I. S. (2007). Evaluation of text entry techniques. In MacKenzie, I. S., & Tanaka-Ishii, K. (Eds.) Text entry systems: Mobility, accessibility, universality, pp. 75-101. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.
63. MacKenzie, I. S., & Tanaka-Ishii, K. (2007). Text entry using a small number of buttons. In MacKenzie, I. S., & Tanaka-Ishii, K. (Eds.) Text entry systems: Mobility, accessibility, universality, pp. 105-121. San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann.
64. MacKenzie, I. S., & Tanaka-Ishii, K. (Eds.) (2007). Text entry systems: Mobility, accessibility, universality. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers. [eBook (requires Passport York account)]
65. MacKenzie, I. S., & Phan, R. C.-W. (2007). The 8051 microcontroller (4^th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. (Spanish translation available, ISBN 978-970-26-1021-2)
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66. MacKenzie, I. S., Chen, J., & Oniszczak, A. (2006). Unipad: Single-stroke text entry with language-based acceleration. Proceedings of the Fourth Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction - NordiCHI 2006, pp. 78-85. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1182475.1182484 [PDF]
67. Orner, D., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2006). Histree: A hierarchical back menu. IADIS International Conference WWW/Internet 2006 – Volume II, pp. 78-82. Murcia, Spain: IADIS Press. [PDF]
68. Orner, D., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2006). A comparison of hierarchical and linear browser back menus. IADIS International Conference WWW/Internet 2006 – Volume I, pp. 119-126. Murcia, Spain: IADIS Press. [PDF]
69. Beamish, D., MacKenzie, I. S., & Wu. J. (2006). Speed-accuracy trade-off in planned arm movements with delayed feedback. Neural Networks, 19, 582-599. doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2005.05.003 [PDF]
70. Majaranta, P., MacKenzie, I. S., Aula, A., & Räihä, K.-J. (2006). Effects of feedback and dwell time on eye typing speed and accuracy. Universal Access in the Information Society (UAIS), 5, 199-208. doi:10.1007/s10209-006-0034-z [PDF]
71. Klochek, C., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2006). Performance measures of game controllers in a three-dimensional environment. Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2006, pp. 73-79. Toronto: CIPS. [PDF]
72. Beamish, D., Bhatti, S. A., MacKenzie, I. S., & Wu, J. (2006). Fifty years later: A neurodynamic explanation of Fitts' law. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 3, 649-654. doi:10.1098/rsif.2006.0123 [PDF]
73. Miniotas, D., Ŝpakov, O., Tugoy, I., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2006). Speech-augmented eye gaze interaction with small closely spaced targets. Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications – ETRA 2006, pp. 67-72, 175. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1117309.1117345 [PDF] [Also published as Miniotas, D., Ŝpakov, O., Turgoy, T., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2005). Extending the limits for gaze pointing through the use of speech. Information Technology and Control, 34, 225-230.]
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74. Kulikov, S., MacKenzie, I. S., & Stüerzlinger, W. (2005). Measuring the effective parameters of steering motions. Extended Abstracts of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI 2005, pp. 1569-1572. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1056808.1056968 [PDF]
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75. Soukoreff, R. W., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2004). Towards a standard for pointing device evaluation: Perspectives on 27 years of Fitts' law research in HCI. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 61, 751-789. doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2004.09.001 [PDF]
76. Miniotas, D., Ŝpakov, O., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2004). Eye gaze interaction with expanding targets. Extended Abstracts of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI 2004, pp. 1255-1258. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/985921.986037 [PDF]
77. Oniszczak, A., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2004). A comparison of two input methods for keypads on mobile devices. Proceedings of the Third Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction - NordiCHI 2004, pp. 101-104. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1028014.1028030 [PDF]
78. Soukoreff, R. W., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2004). Recent developments in text entry error rate measurements. Extended Abstracts of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI 2004, pp. 1425-1428. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/985921.986081 [PDF]
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79. MacKenzie, I. S. (2003). Motor behaviour models for human-computer interaction. In J. M. Carroll (Ed.) HCI models, theories, and frameworks: Toward a multidisciplinary science, pp. 27-54. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann.
80. MacKenzie, I. S., & Soukoreff, R. W. (2003). Card, English, and Burr (1978) – 25 years later. Extended Abstracts of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI 2003, pp. 760-761. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/765891.765974 [PDF]
81. MacKenzie, I. S., & Soukoreff, R. W. (2003). Phrase sets for evaluating text entry techniques. Extended Abstracts of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI 2003, pp. 754-755 New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/765891.765971 [PDF]
82. Majaranta, P., MacKenzie, I. S., Aula, A., & Räihä, K.-J. (2003). Auditory and visual feedback during eye typing. Extended Abstracts of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI 2003, pp. 766-767. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/765891.765979 [PDF]
83. Isokoski, P., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2003). Combined model for text entry rate development. Extended Abstracts of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI 2003, pp. 752-753. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/765891.765970 [PDF]
84. Soukoreff, R. W., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2003). Input-based language modeling in the design of high performance input systems. Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2003, pp. 89-96. Toronto: Canadian Information Processing Society. [PDF]
85. Soukoreff, R. W., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2003). Metrics for text entry research: An evaluation of MSD and KSPC, and a new unified error metric. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI 2003, pp. 113-120. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/642611.642632 [PDF]
86. Silfverberg, M., Korhonen, P., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2003). Zooming and panning content on a display screen. International Patent Number WO 03/021568 A1. [PDF]
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87. MacKenzie, I. S. (2002). Introduction to this special issue on text entry for mobile computing. Human-Computer Interaction, 17, 141-145. [PDF]
88. MacKenzie, I. S., & Soukoreff, R. W. (2002). Text entry for mobile computing: Models and methods, theory and practice. Human-Computer Interaction, 17, 147-198. doi:10.1080/07370024.2002.9667313 [PDF]
89. MacKenzie, I. S., & Soukoreff, R. W. (2002). A character-level error analysis technique for evaluating text entry methods. Proceedings of the Second Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction – NordiCHI 2002, pp. 241-244. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/572020.572056 [PDF]
90. MacKenzie, I. S. (2002). Mobile text entry using three keys. Proceedings of the Second Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction – NordiCHI 2002, pp. 27-34. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/572020.572025 [PDF]
91. MacKenzie, I. S. (2002). KSPC (keystrokes per character) as a characteristic of text entry techniques. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices, pp. 195-210. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-45756-9_16 [PDF]
92. MacKenzie, I. S., & Soukoreff, R. W. (2002). A model of two-thumb text entry. Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2002, pp. 117-124. Toronto: Canadian Information Processing Society. [PDF]
93. Akamatsu, M., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2002). Changes in applied force to a touchpad during pointing tasks. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 29, 171-182. doi:10.1016/S0169-8141(01)00063-4 [PDF]
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94. MacKenzie, I. S., & Zhang, S. X. (2001). An empirical investigation of the novice experience with soft keyboards. Behaviour & Information Technology, 20, 411-418. doi:10.1080/01449290110089561 [PDF]
95. MacKenzie, I. S., & Jusoh, S. (2001). An evaluation of two input devices for remote pointing. Proceedings of the Eighth IFIP International Conference on Engineering for Human-Computer Interaction – EHCI 2001, pp. 235-249 Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag. doi:10.1007/3-540-45348-2_21 [PDF]
96. MacKenzie, I. S., Kober, H., Smith, D., Jones, T., & Skepner, E. (2001). LetterWise: Prefix-based disambiguation for mobile text input. Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology – UIST 2001, pp. 111-120. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/502348.502365 [PDF]
97. Silfverberg, M., MacKenzie, I. S., & Kauppinen, T. (2001). An isometric joystick as a pointing device for hand-held information terminals. Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2001, pp. 119-126 Toronto, Canada: Canadian Information Processing Society. [PDF]
98. Soukoreff, R. W., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2001). Measuring errors in text entry tasks: An application of the Levenshtein string distance statistic. Extended Abstracts of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing System – CHI 2001, pp. 319-320. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/634067.634256 [PDF]
99. MacKenzie, I. S., & Guiard, Y. (2001). The two-handed desktop interface: Are we there yet? Extended Abstracts of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI 2001, pp. 351-352. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/634067.634275 [PDF]
100. MacKenzie, I. S., Kauppinen, T., & Silfverberg, M. (2001). Accuracy measures for evaluating computer pointing devices. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI 2001, pp. 9-16. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/365024.365028 [PDF] [AccuracyMeasures.zip software tool]
101. Isokoski, P., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2001). Text entry on mobile systems: Directions for the future. Extended Abstracts of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI 2001, p. 495. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/634067.634350 [PDF]
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102. Akamatsu, M., & MacKenzie, I. S. (2000). Changes in applied force to a touchpad during pointing tasks. Proceedings of IEA 2000, p. 1-359. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. doi:10.1016/S0169-8141(01)00063-4 [PDF]
103. Silfverberg, M., MacKenzie, I. S., & Korhonen, P. (2000). Predicting text entry speeds on mobile phones. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI 2000, pp. 9-16. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/332040.332044 [PDF]
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104. MacKenzie, I. S., & Stewart, J. (Eds.). (1999). Proceedings of Graphics Interface '99. Toronto: Canadian Information Processing Society. [Graphics Interface home page]
105. MacKenzie, I. S., Zhang, S. X. (1999) The design and evaluation of a high-performance soft keyboard. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '99, pp. 25-31. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/302979.302983 [PDF] [video]
106. Douglas, S. A, Kirkpatrick, A. E., & MacKenzie, I. S. (1999). Testing pointing device performance and user assessment with the ISO 9241, Part 9 standard. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference in Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '99, pp. 215-222. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/302979.303042 [PDF]
107. MacKenzie, I. S., Zhang, S. X., & Soukoreff, R. W. (1999). Text entry using soft keyboards. Behaviour & Information Technology, 18, 235-244. doi:10.1080/014492999118995 [PDF]
108. MacKenzie, I. S., & Chang, L. (1999). A performance comparison of two handwriting recognizers. Interacting with Computers, 11, 283-297. doi:10.1016/S0953-5438(98)00030-7 [PDF]
109. MacKenzie, I. S. (1999). The 8051 microcontroller (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
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110. Bellman, T., & MacKenzie, I. S. (1998). A probabilistic character layout strategy for mobile text entry. Proceedings of Graphics Interface '98, pp. 168-176. Toronto: Canadian Information Processing Society.
111. MacKenzie, I. S., & Oniszczak, A. (1998). A comparison of three selection techniques for touchpads. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI '98, pp. 336-343. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/274644.274691 [PDF]
112. Enns, N. R. N., & MacKenzie, I. S. (1998). Touchpad-based remote control devices. Companion Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI '98, pp. 229-230, New York: ACM. [PDF] [video]
113. Zhai, S., & MacKenzie, I. S. (1998). Teaching old mice new tricks: Innovations in computer mouse design. Proceedings of the First World Congress on Ergonomics for Global Quality and Productivity, pp. 80-83. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology: Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong.
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114. Bodner, R. C., & MacKenzie, I. S. (1997). Using animated icons to present complex tasks. Proceedings of CASCON '97, pp. 281-291. Toronto: IBM Canada Ltd.
115. Balakrishnan, R., & MacKenzie, I. S. (1997). Performance differences in the fingers, wrist, and forearm in computer input control. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI '97, pp. 303-310. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/258549.258764 [PDF]
116. MacKenzie, I. S., & Oniszczak, A. (1997). The tactile touchpad. Extended Abstracts of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI '97, pp. 309-310. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1120212.1120408 [PDF] [video]
117. MacKenzie, I. S., Soukoreff, R. W., & Pal, C. (1997). A two-ball mouse affords three degrees of freedom. Extended Abstracts of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI '97, pp. 303-304. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/1120212.1120405 [PDF] [video]
118. MacKenzie, I. S., & Zhang, S. (1997). The immediate usability of Graffiti. Proceedings of Graphics Interface '97, pp. 129-137. Toronto: Canadian Information Processing Society. [PDF]
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119. Akamatsu, M., & MacKenzie, I. S. (1996). Movement characteristics using a mouse with tactile and force feedback. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 45, 483-493. doi:10.1006/ijhc.1996.0063 [PDF]
120. Matias, E., MacKenzie, I. S., & Buxton, W. (1996). One-handed typing with a QWERTY keyboard. Human-Computer Interaction, 11, 1-27. doi:10.1207/s15327051hci1101_1 [PDF]
121. Matias, E., MacKenzie, I. S., & Buxton, W. (1996). A wearable computer for use in microgravity space and other non-desktop environments. Companion Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI '96, pp. 69-70. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/257089.257146 [PDF]
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122. Akamatsu, M., MacKenzie, I. S., & Hasbrouq, T. (1995). A comparison of tactile, auditory, and visual feedback in a pointing task using a mouse-type device. Ergonomics, 38, 816-827. doi:10.1080/00140139508925152 [PDF]
123. MacKenzie, I. S. (1995). Human input/output devices. In M. Katz (Ed.). Technology Forecast: 1996, pp. 51-73. Menlo Park, CA: Price Waterhouse.
124. MacKenzie, I. S. (1995). Input devices and interaction techniques for advanced computing. In W. Barfield, & T. A. Furness III (Eds.), Virtual environments and advanced interface design, pp. 437-470. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
125. MacKenzie, I. S. (1995). Movement time prediction in human-computer interfaces. In R. M. Baecker, W. A. S. Buxton, J. Grudin, & S. Greenberg (Eds.), Readings in human-computer interaction (2nd ed.) (pp. 483-493). Los Altos, CA: Kaufmann. [reprint of MacKenzie, 1992]
126. MacKenzie, I. S. (1995). The 8051 microcontroller (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
127. MacKenzie, I. S. (1995). .The 68000 microprocessor. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
128. McQueen, C., MacKenzie, I. S., & Zhang, S. X. (1995). An extended study of numeric entry on pen-based computers. Proceedings of Graphics Interface '95, pp. 215-222. Toronto: Canadian Information Processing Society.
129. Soukoreff, W., & MacKenzie, I. S. (1995). Generalized Fitts' law model builder. Companion Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI '95, pp. 113-114. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/223355.223456 [PDF]
130. Soukoreff, R. W., & MacKenzie, I. S. (1995). Theoretical upper and lower bounds on typing speed using a stylus and soft keyboard. Behaviour & Information Technology, 14, 370-379. doi:10.1080/01449299508914656
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131. Akamatsu, M., Sato, S., & MacKenzie, I. S. (1994). Multimodal mouse: A mouse-type device with tactile and force display. Presence, 3, 73-80.
132. Chang, L., & MacKenzie, I. S. (1994). A comparison of two handwriting recognizers for pen-based computers. Proceedings of CASCON '94, pp. 364-371. Toronto: IBM Canada.
133. MacKenzie, I. S., & Buxton, W. (1994). The prediction of pointing and dragging times in graphical user interfaces. Interacting with Computers, 6, 213-227. doi:10.1016/0953-5438(94)90025-6
134. MacKenzie, I. S., Nonnecke, B., McQueen, C., Riddersma, S., & Meltz, M.(1994). A comparison of three methods of character entry on pen-based computers. Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 38th Annual Meeting, pp. 330-334. Santa Monica, CA: Human Factors Society. doi:10.1177/154193129403800430
135. MacKenzie, I. S., Nonnecke, B., Riddersma, S., McQueen, C., & Meltz, M.(1994). Alphanumeric entry on pen-based computers. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 41, 775-792. doi:10.1006/ijhc.1994.1081 [PDF]
136. MacKenzie, I. S., & Riddersma, S. (1994). Effects of output display and control-display gain on human performance in interactive systems. Behaviour & Information Technology, 13, 328-337. doi:10.1080/01449299408914613 [PDF]
137. Matias, E., MacKenzie, I. S., & Buxton, W. (1994). Half-QWERTY: Typing with one hand using your two-handed skill. Companion Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – CHI '94, pp. 51-52. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/259963.260024
138. McQueen, C., MacKenzie, I. S., Nonnecke, B., & Riddersma, S. (1994). A comparison of four methods of numeric entry on pen-based computers. Proceedings of Graphics Interface '94, pp. 75-82. Toronto: Canadian Information Processing Society.
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139. Kabbash, P., MacKenzie, I. S., & Buxton, W. (1993). Human performance using computer input devices in the preferred and non-preferred hands. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – INTERCHI '93, pp. 474-481. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/169059.169414 [PDF]
140. Matias, E., MacKenzie, I. S., & Buxton, W. (1993). Half-QWERTY: A one-handed keyboard facilitating skill transfer from QWERTY. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – INTERCHI '93, pp. 88-94. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/169059.169097 [PDF]
141. MacKenzie, I. S., & Ware, C. (1993). Lag as a determinant of human performance in interactive systems. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems – INTERCHI '93, pp. 488-493. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/169059.169431 [PDF]
142. MacKenzie, I. S., & Buxton, W. (1993). A tool for the rapid evaluation of input devices using Fitts' law models. SIGCHI Bulletin, 25(3), 58-63. doi:10.1145/155786.155801
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143. MacKenzie, I. S. (1992). Fitts' law as a research and design tool in human-computer interaction. Human-Computer Interaction, 7, 91-139. doi:10.1207/s15327051hci0701_3 [PDF]
144. MacKenzie, I. S. (1992). Movement time prediction in human-computer interfaces. Proceedings of Graphics Interface '92, pp. 140-150. Toronto: Canadian Information Processing Society.
145. MacKenzie, I. S. (1992). The 8051 Microcontroller. New York: Macmillan.
146. MacKenzie, I. S. (1992). Beating the book: Mega challenges for CD-ROM and hypertext. Journal of Research on Computing in Education, 24, 486-498.
147. MacKenzie, I. S., & Buxton, W. (1992). Extending Fitts' law to two-dimensional tasks. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '92, pp. 219-226. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/142750.142794 [PDF]
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148. MacKenzie, I. S. (1991). Fitts' law as a performance model in human-computer interaction. Doctoral dissertation (ISBN 0315659858), University of Toronto.
149. MacKenzie, I. S. (1991). The PC as a productivity tool in the microprocessor laboratory. IEEE Transactions on Education, 34, 62-69. doi:10.1109/13.79883 [PDF]
150. MacKenzie, I. S., Sellen, A., & Buxton, W. (1991). A comparison of input devices in elemental pointing and dragging tasks. Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI '91, pp. 161-166. New York: ACM. doi:10.1145/108844.108868 [PDF]
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151. MacKenzie, I. S. (1990). Courseware evaluation: Where's the intelligence? Journal of Computer-Assisted Learning, 6, 273-286. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2729.1990.tb00376.x [PDF]
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152. MacKenzie, I. S. (1989). A note on the information-theoretic basis for Fitts' law. Journal of Motor Behavior, 21, 323-330. doi:10.1080/00222895.1989.10735486 [PDF] [Welford review]
153. MacKenzie, I. S. (1989). A review of four CD-ROM databases. ECOO Output, 10(2), 14-19.
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154. MacKenzie, I. S. (1988). Issues and methods in the microprocessor-based laboratory. Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching, 7(3), 12-18.
155. MacKenzie, I. S. (1988). Microcomputers in music education: Current issues and trends. Canadian Music Educator, 29(4), 15-24.
156. MacKenzie, I. S. (1988). A structured approach to assembly language programming. IEEE Transactions on Education, 31, 123-128. doi:10.1109/13.2296 [PDF]

Research Notes

• Scanning Ambiguous Keyboard (SAK)
• How to Report an F Statistic
• Anova Explained (and a tool to do it!)
• Independent Variables in Fitts' Law Experiments
• Calculating Text Entry Speed
• Within-subjects vs. Between-subjects Designs: Which to Use?
• ISO Testing of Computer Pointing Devices
• Bibliography of Fitts' Law Research

Contact

Phone:
1-416-736-2100 ext. 40631
1-416-736-5053 (EECS main office)

Fax:
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E-mail:
mack "at" cse.yorku.ca