APPENDIX B
This appendix contains summary data and scatter plots with regression
lines for Experiment 1 for each device-task condition. Tables are based on
adjusted data (see p. 82).
| Legend
|
|
A |
Target amplitude (experimental units; 1 unit = 8 pixels). |
|
W |
Target width (as above). |
|
We(SD) |
Effective target width. Values were calculated using the standard deviation method.
Each value is 4.133 times the mean of the 12 subject standard deviations in x
coordinates |
|
We(DE) |
Effective target width. Values were calculated using the discrete errors
method. Each value is obtained using the method described on page 19
applied to the mean of the 12 subject values. |
|
ID |
Index of difficulty (bits). Values were computed using Fitts'
formulation, ID = log2(2A / W). |
|
MT |
Movement time (ms). Each value is the mean of 12 subject means. |
|
Errors |
Percentage errors. Each value is the mean of 12 subject means |
|
IP |
Index of performance (bits/s). Each value is the mean of 12 subject
means. (IP = ID / MT, as defined above). |
|
TRIALS |
Number of trials used in the calculations. The maximum number for each
entry was 600; however, cases were omitted for the first session (reducing
the potential to 480 cases), outliers, and trials following outliers. |
Condition: Mouse-Pointing
A W We(SD) We(DE) ID MT Errors IP Trials
---------------------------------------------------------
8 8 4.232 5.370 1 221 .21 4.72 474
8 4 3.055 3.388 2 331 1.47 6.26 472
16 8 5.691 6.266 2 303 .83 6.85 477
8 2 1.738 1.817 3 488 2.29 6.35 478
16 4 3.208 3.309 3 450 1.25 6.84 476
32 8 6.235 6.462 3 445 1.05 6.83 476
8 1 1.004 1.110 4 663 6.27 6.15 474
16 2 1.839 1.871 4 620 2.72 6.54 478
32 4 3.134 3.138 4 616 .84 6.54 474
64 8 6.754 7.036 4 685 1.88 5.89 476
16 1 1.034 1.065 5 802 5.24 6.33 478
32 2 1.721 1.880 5 764 2.79 6.60 473
64 4 3.535 3.707 5 868 2.58 5.80 472
32 1 1.076 1.130 6 950 6.74 6.47 473
64 2 1.852 1.937 6 1061 3.29 5.73 469
64 1 1.041 1.075 7 1252 5.47 5.69 477
------------------
Mean 657 2.81 6.22
SD 285 2.06 .56
|
Condition: Mouse-Pointing MT = -33 + 172 ID
Formulation: Fitts r = .9866
Target Width: W SE = 48.1 ms
Condition: Mouse-Pointing MT = -179 + 198 ID
Formulation: Fitts r = .9887
Target Width: We(SD) SE = 44.4 ms
Condition: Mouse-Pointing MT = -1.9 + 202 ID
Formulation: Shannon r = .9920
Target Width: W SE = 37.4 ms
Condition: Mouse-Pointing MT = -107 + 223 ID
Formulation: Shannon r = .9902
Target Width: We(SD) SE = 41.5 ms
Condition: Mouse-Dragging
A W We(SD) We(DE) ID MT Errors IP Trials
---------------------------------------------------------
8 8 6.024 7.267 1 438 2.29 2.33 476
8 4 3.970 4.382 2 576 5.93 3.57 473
16 8 6.972 8.054 2 556 4.01 3.66 475
8 2 2.247 2.510 3 704 9.97 4.38 462
16 4 3.625 3.980 3 673 3.78 4.54 474
32 8 7.404 8.462 3 721 5.08 4.22 474
8 1 1.436 1.428 4 878 14.79 4.68 468
16 2 2.638 2.731 4 829 13.02 4.90 476
32 4 4.138 4.715 4 866 7.96 4.66 472
64 8 7.289 8.434 4 971 5.00 4.17 472
16 1 1.459 1.537 5 1034 17.89 4.93 472
32 2 2.574 2.714 5 1029 12.79 4.93 472
64 4 4.766 4.382 5 1087 5.93 4.66 471
32 1 1.512 1.460 6 1218 15.70 5.04 470
64 2 2.529 2.757 6 1302 13.39 4.67 470
64 1 1.641 1.574 7 1514 18.93 4.71 470
------------------
Mean 899 9.78 4.38
SD 292 5.45 .69
|
Condition: Mouse-Dragging MT = 195 + 176 ID
Formulation: Fitts r = .9862
Target Width: W SE = 50.0 ms
Condition: Mouse-Dragging MT = 92 + 212 ID
Formulation: Fitts r = .9875
Target Width: We(SD) SE = 47.6 ms
Condition: Mouse-Dragging MT = 226 + 207 ID
Formulation: Shannon r = .9914
Target Width: W SE = 39.5 ms
Condition: Mouse-Dragging MT = 135 + 249 ID
Formulation: Shannon r = .9921
Target Width: We(SD) SE = 37.9 ms
Condition: Tablet-Pointing
A W We(SD) We(DE) ID MT Errors IP Trials
---------------------------------------------------------
8 8 4.034 . 1 254 .00 4.28 474
8 4 2.845 3.517 2 353 1.88 6.12 480
16 8 4.690 6.266 2 344 .83 6.40 476
8 2 1.560 1.726 3 481 1.67 6.37 478
16 4 3.231 3.577 3 472 2.08 6.55 477
32 8 5.562 6.046 3 501 .63 6.24 470
8 1 1.149 1.213 4 649 8.84 6.34 474
16 2 1.629 1.796 4 603 2.14 6.77 470
32 4 3.252 3.739 4 605 2.71 6.70 478
64 8 6.624 7.381 4 694 2.51 5.88 474
16 1 1.053 1.141 5 778 7.01 6.59 473
32 2 1.795 1.952 5 763 3.42 6.62 470
64 4 3.464 3.645 5 804 2.34 6.32 470
32 1 1.165 1.200 6 921 8.50 6.63 472
64 2 1.867 1.942 6 963 3.33 6.33 477
64 1 1.301 1.252 7 1137 9.88 6.27 476
------------------
Mean 645 3.61 6.28
SD 243 3.13 .58
|
Condition: Tablet-Pointing MT = 53 + 148 ID
Formulation: Fitts r = .9921
Target Width: W SE = 31.5 ms
Condition: Tablet-Pointing MT = -124 + 181 ID
Formulation: Fitts r = .9869
Target Width: We(SD) SE = 40.7 ms
Condition: Tablet-Pointing MT = 81 + 173 ID
Formulation: Shannon r = .9951
Target Width: W SE = 25.0 ms
Condition: Tablet-Pointing MT = -55 + 204 ID
Formulation: Shannon r = .9876
Target Width: We(SD) SE = 39.6 ms
Condition: Tablet-Dragging
A W We(SD) We(DE) ID MT Errors IP Trials
---------------------------------------------------------
8 8 5.078 6.912 1 365 1.68 2.92 472
8 4 3.602 4.306 2 442 5.49 4.70 472
16 8 6.061 6.471 2 493 1.06 4.27 472
8 2 2.469 2.652 3 566 11.92 5.46 476
16 4 3.650 4.308 3 595 5.51 5.17 468
32 8 7.444 8.605 3 630 5.47 4.90 476
8 1 1.536 1.616 4 761 20.11 5.47 476
16 2 2.762 3.022 4 711 17.15 5.82 469
32 4 4.979 4.915 4 735 9.26 5.54 470
64 8 8.360 8.774 4 838 5.95 4.88 468
16 1 1.675 1.767 5 937 24.21 5.47 470
32 2 3.063 2.889 5 896 15.26 5.69 464
64 4 4.762 5.051 5 973 10.17 5.27 465
32 1 2.036 1.695 6 1112 22.27 5.58 462
64 2 4.049 3.188 6 1132 19.48 5.44 464
64 1 1.934 1.647 7 1397 20.96 5.18 465
------------------
Mean 786 12.25 5.11
SD 280 7.72 .71
|
Condition: Tablet-Dragging MT = 113 + 168 ID
Formulation: Fitts r = .9830
Target Width: W SE = 53.2 ms
Condition: Tablet-Dragging MT = -80 + 235 ID
Formulation: Fitts r = .9886
Target Width: We(SD) SE = 43.7 ms
Condition: Tablet-Dragging MT = 142 + 198 ID
Formulation: Shannon r = .9905
Target Width: W SE = 40.0 ms
Condition: Tablet-Dragging MT = -27 + 276 ID
Formulation: Shannon r = .9925
Target Width: We(SD) SE = 35.4 ms
Condition: Trackball-Pointing
A W We(SD) We(DE) ID MT Errors IP Trials
---------------------------------------------------------
8 8 5.503 5.370 1 485 .21 2.17 480
8 4 3.177 3.384 2 613 1.46 3.43 480
16 8 5.958 6.266 2 613 .83 3.45 480
8 2 1.778 1.818 3 819 2.30 3.87 478
16 4 3.357 3.313 3 766 1.26 4.15 474
32 8 6.699 6.453 3 887 1.04 3.45 480
8 1 1.189 1.208 4 1094 8.71 3.73 468
16 2 1.765 1.818 4 932 2.30 4.46 472
32 4 3.407 3.388 4 1037 1.47 3.91 474
64 8 6.669 6.768 4 1239 1.46 3.26 478
16 1 1.143 1.168 5 1227 7.68 4.19 467
32 2 1.926 1.991 5 1263 3.79 4.06 474
64 4 3.459 3.517 5 1355 1.88 3.72 478
32 1 1.172 1.226 6 1499 9.20 4.04 466
64 2 1.944 1.844 6 1545 2.50 3.91 478
64 1 1.191 1.133 7 1897 6.82 3.72 470
------------------
Mean 1079 3.31 3.72
SD 386 3.01 .52
|
Condition: Trackball-Pointing MT = 155 + 231 ID
Formulation: Fitts r = .9781
Target Width: W SE = 83.1 ms
Condition: Trackball-Pointing MT = -1.2 + 262 ID
Formulation: Fitts r = .9778
Target Width: We(SD) SE = 83.7 ms
Condition: Trackball-Pointing MT = 197 + 271 ID
Formulation: Shannon r = .9823
Target Width: W SE = 74.7 ms
Condition: Trackball-Pointing MT = 75 + 300 ID
Formulation: Shannon r = .9809
Target Width: We(SD) SE = 77.7 ms
Condition: Trackball-Dragging
A W We(SD) We(DE) ID MT Errors IP Trials
---------------------------------------------------------
8 8 7.654 8.522 1 576 5.24 1.81 474
8 4 4.572 4.832 2 725 8.72 2.83 470
16 8 7.694 8.762 2 694 5.92 2.96 474
8 2 2.778 2.907 3 944 15.51 3.24 471
16 4 4.799 5.122 3 877 10.66 3.50 470
32 8 10.603 10.733 3 1050 12.35 2.90 465
8 1 2.244 1.697 4 1179 22.32 3.46 472
16 2 3.424 2.949 4 1104 16.11 3.69 465
32 4 7.918 6.052 4 1205 17.20 3.36 465
64 8 16.164 11.341 4 1447 14.50 2.79 451
16 1 2.396 1.699 5 1392 22.40 3.67 466
32 2 5.391 2.979 5 1455 16.54 3.51 457
64 4 10.023 5.858 5 1617 15.82 3.11 456
32 1 4.845 1.840 6 1711 26.14 3.57 460
64 2 7.987 3.104 6 1975 18.30 3.08 443
64 1 7.440 1.792 7 2295 24.88 3.11 460
------------------
Mean 1265 15.79 3.16
SD 476 6.24 .47
|
Condition: Trackball-Dragging MT = 137 + 282 ID
Formulation: Fitts r = .9673
Target Width: W SE = 125.0 ms
Condition: Trackball-Dragging MT = -255 + 510 ID
Formulation: Fitts r = .9038
Target Width: We(SD) SE = 210.8 ms
Condition: Trackball-Dragging MT = 184 + 331 ID
Formulation: Shannon r = .9749
Target Width: W SE = 109.7 ms
Condition: Trackball-Dragging MT = -349 + 688 ID
Formulation: Shannon r = .9226
Target Width: We(SD) SE = 190.1 ms
