Kingdom Plantae
Adaptations to Life on Land
•Protection
from drying out
•Transport
system for water and nutrients
•Support
system
•Changes
from ancestral filamentous algae
Classification of
Plants
•4
major groups of plants
–Non-vascular
plants
Mosses,
Liverworts, Hornworts
–Vascular
plants
Non-Seed - Ferns
Seed - Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Non-Vascular Plants
•Mosses,
Liverworts, Hornworts
–No
vascular tissue
–Depend
on diffusion and osmosis to transport nutrients
–No
roots
–Usually
grow low to ground
Mosses
•Bryophyta
Liverworts
Hepaticophyta
Hornworts
•Anthocerotophyta
Vascular Plants
•Vascular
tissues consist of strands of specialized cylindrical or elongated cells that
form a network throughout plant.
–Xylem
- Conducts water and dissolved minerals upward from roots.
–Phloem
- Conducts sucrose and hormone signals throughout the plant.
Seedless Vascular
Plants
Ferns (Pterophyta)
Seedless Vascular Plants
Club Mosses (Lycophytes)
Seed Plants
•Seed
Plants first appeared about 425 mya.
–Drought
Protection
–Enhanced
Dispersal
–Extend
Embryo Viability Window
Gymnosperms
Conifers (Coniferophyta)
Cycads (Cycadophyta)
Ginkgo (Ginkgophyta)
Gnetophytes (Gnetophyta)
Angiosperms
Kingdom Animalia
•Multicellular eukaryotes
•Reproduce
sexually
•Heterotrophic
•Motile
•95%
invertebrate
•8
major phyla (33 total)
The First Animals
•Sponges
(Porifera)
•Jellyfish,
Corals, Anemones (Cnidaria)
•Flatworms
(Platyhelminthes and Nemertea)
•Segmented
Invertebrates
•Molluscs (Mollusca)
•Joint-Legged
Animals (Arthropods)
•Starfish
(Echinoderma)
Chordates
•Most
are vertebrates
•3
key characteristics:
–A
dorsal nerve chord
–A
notochord
–Pharyngeal
gill slits
Invertebrate
Chordates
•Tunicates
(sea squirts)
Vertebrate Chordates
•Jawless
fishes
•Jawed
chordates
–Cartilagenous fishes
–Bony
fishes
–Amphibians
–Reptiles
–Birds
–Mammals