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The 27
faculties of Franz Joseph Gall Gall
suggested that the brain was divided into 27 separate "organs".
Each organ suppposedly corresponded to a discrete human faculty, though Gall
identified 19 of these faculties as being shared with other animal species.
The first nineteen in the list below are organs allegedly common to men and
animals; the final eight are specific to humans. 1. The instinct
of reproduction (impulse to propogation) 2. The love of
one's offspring (parental love) 3. Affection; friendship
(fidelity) 4. The instinct
of self-defence; courage; the tendency to get into fights. 5. The
carnivorous instinct; the tendency to murder 6. Guile;
acuteness; cleverness (sense of cunning) 7. The feeling
of property; the instinct of stocking up on food (in animals); covetousness;
the tendency to steal (larceny) 8. Pride;
arrogance; haughtiness; love of authority; loftiness 9. Vanity;
ambition; love of glory 10.Circumspection;
forethought 11.The memory of
things; the memory of facts; aptness to receive an education; perfectibility 12.The sense of
places (locality); of space proportions 13.The memory of
people; the sense of people 14.The memory of
words 15.The sense of
language; of speech 16.The sense of
colours (delighting in colours) 17.The sense of
sounds; the gift of music 18.The sense of
connectness between numbers (arithmetic, time) 19.The sense of
mechanics, of construction; the talent for architecture. 20.Comparative
perspicuity, sagacity 21.The sense of
metaphysics 22.The sense of
satire; the sense of witticism, sense of inference 23.The poetical
talent 24.Kindness;
benevolence; gentleness; compassion; sensitivity; moral sense 25.The faculty
to imitate; the mimic 26.The organ of
religion (sense of God) 27.
The firmness of
purpose; constancy; perseverance; obstinacy. From: http://pages.britishlibrary.net/phrenology/organs.html#gall (no longer active) and http://www.phrenology.com/franzjosephgall.html York's Professor Christopher Green is shown in the photo below with a psychograph, an instrument designed to produce phrenology measurements. The photo was taken at the Archives of the History of American Psychology at the University of Akron, Akron, Ohio
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