{"id":10304,"date":"2017-02-10T11:33:31","date_gmt":"2017-02-10T15:33:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/alumniandfriends.yorku.ca\/?p=10304"},"modified":"2017-02-10T11:33:31","modified_gmt":"2017-02-10T15:33:31","slug":"global-bee-expert-sheds-light-on-new-research-from-australia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/alumniandfriends\/2017\/02\/global-bee-expert-sheds-light-on-new-research-from-australia\/","title":{"rendered":"Global bee expert sheds light on new research from Australia"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_238446\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-238446\" src=\"http:\/\/yfile.news.yorku.ca\/files\/2017\/02\/AmroZayed-202x300.jpg\" alt=\"Biologist and bee expert\" width=\"170\" height=\"252\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amro Zayed<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>York University biologist and bee expert, Professor Amro Zayed, continues to produce and publish original research of global importance. This time, he has contributed a news and views article in <em>Nature<\/em> (November\u00a02016) that puts into context the work of an Australian researcher who discovered how natural selection allows an invader bee population to overcome the genetic odds stacked against it. The study, led by Professor Rosalyn Gloag of the University of Sydney, New South Wales, examined the invasion of Asian honeybees over an eight-year time frame.<\/p>\n<h3>Zayed: Home-grown York success story and global leader in bee research<\/h3>\n<p>York researchers have played key roles in many of the most important discoveries of the past half-century. In many areas, the have become global leaders. This is the case with Amro Zayed. A home-grown success story, he earned his BSc (2000) and PhD (2006) from York; and he has contributed to internationally leading journals \u2212 including <em>Nature, Science<\/em> and <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences \u2212 <\/em>for many years. His research has greatly added to our global knowledge on bees.<\/p>\n<p>Zayed\u2019s leadership has been recognized many times: In 2007, he was awarded the Governor General\u2019s\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gg.ca\/honours\/awards\/acmed\/index_e.asp\">Gold Medal<\/a>\u00a0for his doctoral research on bee conservation genetics. In 2010, he received the Ontario Government of Research and Innovation\u2019s Early Researcher Award; and in 2014, he won the Faculty of Science\u2019s Early Career Researcher Award.<\/p>\n<p>Zayed was recently awarded the Entomological Society of Canada\u2019s Hewitt Award for outstanding contributions to entomology in Canada by a young researcher. He currently serves as the York Research Chair in Genomics (Tier II).<\/p>\n<h3>Zayed provides framework in which to understand the new research<\/h3>\n<p>While a great deal of bee research is focused on preserving honey bees whose numbers are dwindling (and this could have catastrophic effects on the food chain), Asian bees have piqued the curiosity of researchers for the opposite reason: they are destructive invaders, Zayed explains. These bees are successful invasive insects because they can act as individuals or as part of the colony, and this adaptability allows them to adjust to different environmental conditions.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cAsian bees are invading Australia, which is itself is not great for Australian beekeepers who use the European honey bee; the two may compete or hybridize, which is undesirable,\u201d Zayed says. \u201cInvasive insects can be particularly damaging and we don\u2019t fully understand which process facilitates invasion success,\u201d he adds.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_238450\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-238450\" src=\"http:\/\/yfile.news.yorku.ca\/files\/2017\/02\/AsianHoneybee-1.jpg\" alt=\"An Asian honey bee on a pink orchid\" width=\"448\" height=\"354\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Asian honey bee. Image courtesy: Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Australia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>According to the Australian government\u2019s Department of the Environment and Energy, in 2007, an incursion of the Asian honey bee was found in Cairns, Queensland. Attempts to eradicate it proved futile by 2011. However, a containment program was launched to restrict its spread and minimize its impacts.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_238451\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-238451\" src=\"http:\/\/yfile.news.yorku.ca\/files\/2017\/02\/Australia-1.jpg\" alt=\"In 2007, an incursion of the Asian honey bee was found in Cairns, Queensland\" width=\"500\" height=\"475\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 2007, an incursion of the Asian honey bee was found in Cairns, Queensland<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>These bees could have a negative environmental impact, most likely associated with competition for floral resources or nesting sites, inadequate pollination of native flora or undesirable pollination of exotic flora, according to the Australian government.<\/p>\n<h3>Australian study focuses on Asian Honey Bees<\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_238452\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-238452\" src=\"http:\/\/yfile.news.yorku.ca\/files\/2017\/02\/Rosaly-Gloag-1.jpg\" alt=\"Professor Rosalyn Gloag, Biological Sciences Department, University of Sydney. Photograph reproduced with permission.\" width=\"164\" height=\"185\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Professor Rosalyn Gloag, Biological Sciences Department, University of Sydney. Photograph reproduced with permission.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>The Australian study led by Professor Rosalyn Gloag was published in <em>Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution<\/em> in November 2016 under the title \u201cAn invasive social insect overcomes genetic load at the sex locus.\u201d It looked at the invasion of Asian honey bees (<em>Apis cerana).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Zayed explains that these invading insects may appear to be doomed, because they have a sex-determination system that creates sterile or inviable males in small populations that lack genetic diversity, but they were in fact thriving.<\/p>\n<p>The Australian team of researchers realized that natural section was somehow allowing this bee population to thrive, and the group needed to figure out why this was happening.<\/p>\n<h3>Eight-year study observes biological invasion in real time<\/h3>\n<p>Gloag\u2019s team of researchers went into the field and observed this natural selection during a real-time biological invasion. Over an eight-year time frame, starting in 2007, they studied the <em>csd<\/em> gene in honey bees \u2013 <em>csd <\/em>being an acronym for complementary sex determiner, hence the gene governs sex determination.<\/p>\n<p>As Zayed explains, a female bee possesses two copies of the <em>csd<\/em> gene and mates with a male bee, which has only one copy of the gene. The <em>csd<\/em> gene exists in different forms called alleles, as depicted in different colours in the diagram below.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_238453\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-238453\" src=\"http:\/\/yfile.news.yorku.ca\/files\/2017\/02\/bee-diagram.jpg\" alt=\"Explaining the natural selection process of invading Asian honey bees, and how it led to survival of the bees. Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Nature 539, 24 November 2016.\" width=\"500\" height=\"300\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">Explaining the natural selection process of invading Asian honey bees, and how it led to the survival of the bees. Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Nature 539, 24 November 2016.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>If a female mates with a male that has an identical <em>csd<\/em> allele, shown in situation A of Zayed\u2019s diagram, then half of the offspring will have two identical <em>csd<\/em> alleles and will develop as sterile males, that will die off leaving no future generations. Conversely, the offspring that have two different <em>csd<\/em> alleles develop as fertile females.<\/p>\n<p>Situation B in Zayed\u2019s diagram tells a different story: All of the offspring from a mating between a male that has a rare allele, such as the one indicated in purple, and a female that does not have this rare allele will develop into fertile females. This would, therefore, increase the frequency of the rare allele in future generations until all <em>csd<\/em> alleles have the same frequency, says Zayed.<\/p>\n<p>This is how Gloag\u2019s team was able to confirm the phenomenon of natural selection in the invading <em>Apis cerana<\/em> bees in Australia. \u201cGloag and colleagues\u2019 study provides a clear example of how rapid evolutionary changes can affect the fitness of invasive populations,\u201d Zayed explains.<\/p>\n<p>Zayed\u2019s article, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/nature\/journal\/v539\/n7630\/full\/nature20472.html\">Evolution: Insect invasions and natural selection<\/a>,\u201d was published in <em>Nature<\/em> in 2016. Gloag\u2019s study, \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41559-016-0011\">An invasive social insect overcomes genetic load at the sex locus<\/a>,\u201d was also published in 2016. <a href=\"http:\/\/zayedlab.apps01.yorku.ca\/wordpress\/\">Amro Zayed\u2019s lab<\/a>\u00a0website at York University contains more information about this researcher and bee expert.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Amro Zayed York University biologist and bee expert, Professor Amro Zayed, continues to produce and publish original research of global importance. This time, he has contributed a news and views article in Nature (November\u00a02016) that puts into context the work of an Australian researcher who discovered how natural selection allows an invader bee population to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Global bee expert sheds light on new research from Australia - Division of Advancement - Alumni and Friends<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/alumniandfriends\/2017\/02\/global-bee-expert-sheds-light-on-new-research-from-australia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Global bee expert sheds light on new research from Australia - Division of Advancement - Alumni and Friends\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Amro Zayed York University biologist and bee expert, Professor Amro Zayed, continues to produce and publish original research of global importance. 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