Home Publications Online Writings Links The Effect of Children on Parents - Contents Preface xi Chapter 1. Child Effect: What Is This? An Introduction 1 The Social Construction of Parents 7 Organization of the Book 10 Chapter 2. The Neglected Perspective: Children's Effect on Parents 13 Failures of Traditional Perspectives 13 Childhood Is Only One of the Stages in the Life Course 17 Parenting: One Important Influence Among Others 20 The Emergence of Interactional Theories 22 Children and Parents in Historical Perspective 25 The Culmination of Historical Changes 28 Conclusions 29 Chapter 3. Determinants of Child Effect 31 Child Characteristics 32 Parental Characteristics 37 Characteristics of the Societal Response 43 Conclusions 47 Chapter 4. Areas of Parents' Lives 49 Maternal Health 49 Place/Space/Activities 51 Parental Employment 53 Financial/Economic Aspects 54 Marital and Familial Relations 55 Human Interaction 59 Community 60 Parental Personality 62 Attitudes, Values, and Beliefs 63 Life Plans 65 Feelings of Control Over One's Life 66 Conclusions 67 Chapter 5. Children with Behavioral and Emotional Problems 69 What Are Behavioral Problems? 69 What Causes Behavioral Problems? 70 The Effect on Mothers 76 Children with Emotional Problems 78 Effects on the Parent-Child Relationship 84 Conclusions 87 Chapter 6. Adolescents, Parents, and Delinquency 89 Overview 89 Effects of Delinquency on Parents 97 Conclusions 105 Chapter 7. The Effect of Children's Peers on Parents 107 Peer Pressure and Support 108 Peer Abuse 112 The Effect of Peers on Parents 117 Conclusions 120 Chapter 8. Professionals and Parents 123 Professional Authority Over Parents 123 The "Schizophrenogenic" Mother 126 Parent Blaming 128 The Merit of Therapeutic Interventions 130 Parent Effectiveness Training 133 Researching Parents and Children 135 Conclusions 137 Chapter 9. The Effect of Adult Children on Parents 139 What Adult Children Do for Their Parents 140 Gender of Children and Parents 142 What Parents Do for Their Adult Children 143 Grandmothers As Child Caretakers 146 Grandmothers As Mother Substitutes 147 Abuse of Elderly Parents 149 Conclusions 151 Chapter 10. Immigrant and Minority Parents 153 What Happens to Children? 154 Intergenerational Conflict 155 Intergenerational Continuity 158 Specific Examples of Continuity and Discontinuity 159 African-American Parents: The Effect of a Negative Environment 161 Conclusions 165 Chapter 11. Adoptive Parents 167 How Is Adoption Socially Defined? 167 The Professional Representation of Adopted Children 169 Transracial Adoption 172 Stepchild Adoption 174 Open Adoption 174 Consequences of Reunions 176 Conclusions 181 Chapter 12. Let's Not Forget Genes! 183 How Genetic Inheritance Works 184 How Do Genes Interact with Environment'? 186 Do Genes Mean That Parenting Is Useless'? 189 Limitations to Parental Influence 192 Conclusions 195 Chapter 13. Conclusions: What Is Wrong with Parenting Today? 197 Cultural and Social Roadblocks to Effective Parenting 197 Strengthening Parental Influence 200 Parental Gratification: Why Not? 202 To Conclude 205 Bibliography 207 Author Index 231 Subject Index 237 Back

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