{"id":1512,"date":"2020-10-29T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-10-29T04:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/dighr\/library\/improving-equitable-access-why-an-intellectual-property-waiver-for-covid-19-products-and-technologies-deserves-global-support\/"},"modified":"2021-01-12T14:56:03","modified_gmt":"2021-01-12T19:56:03","slug":"improving-equitable-access-why-an-intellectual-property-waiver-for-covid-19-products-and-technologies-deserves-global-support","status":"publish","type":"resource","link":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/dighr\/resource\/improving-equitable-access-why-an-intellectual-property-waiver-for-covid-19-products-and-technologies-deserves-global-support\/","title":{"rendered":"Improving equitable access: why an intellectual property waiver for COVID-19 products and technologies deserves global support"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research supports the call for a COVID-19 WTO TRIPS IP waiver, as expressed in this joint statement released by the Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research and the Canadian Society for International Health.<\/p>\n<p><i>La version fran\u00e7aise suit la version anglaise.<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Improving equitable access: why an intellectual property waiver for COVID-19 products and technologies deserves global support<\/h3>\n<p>The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented threat to human health, safety and well- being. Around the globe, the COVID-19 pandemic is disproportionately affecting the most vulnerable, exposing structural failures in health, social, political and economic systems that heighten vulnerability to the pandemic and amplify its negative impacts. These consequences threaten global development trajectories and are expected to be particularly severe for poor countries and people, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.[1]<\/p>\n<p>An effective response to the pandemic requires rapid access to effective and affordable diagnostics, treatments,\u00a0 vaccines, personal protective equipment, and ventilators.\u00a0 While the UN ACT Accelerator [2] is mobilizing innovators to address key development\u00a0 of such pandemic-essential medical supplies, there are concerns that intellectual property rights enshrined in international trade agreements may serve to increase product prices and restrict their production and distribution, compromising the goals of timely availability and affordability for all in need.<\/p>\n<h4>A proposal for an intellectual property waiver for COVID-19 products and technologies during the acute phase of the pandemic<\/h4>\n<p>To enable countries to combat the pandemic, on 2 October 2020, the Governments of India and South Africa presented a joint communication to the World Trade Organization\u2019s Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) requesting an intellectual property waiver to enable countries to combat the pandemic.[3] The time-delimited waiver, to be reviewed annually, would exempt WTO Members from the obligation to apply specific intellectual property rights (such as patents, industrial designs, copyrights and trade secrets) to COVID-19 products and technologies during the acute phase of the pandemic, until global herd immunity is reached through vaccination.[3]<\/p>\n<h3>WTO member states so far unable to reach a consensus on the proposal<\/h3>\n<p>Forty WTO member states discussed the waiver proposal during a meeting of the TRIPS Council convened on 14-15 October 2020 [4] . A number of developing and least developed member states welcomed the waiver but wanted more time to study its practical implementation and legal impacts. Other developing and developed member states opposed the waiver, with some arguing that such rights have not posed a barrier to accessing COVID-19 related medicines and technologies and that the main impediments are inefficient and underfunded health care and procurement systems. There was also disagreement on whether TRIPS flexibilities for compulsory licensing and parallel importation were sufficient, with proponents of the proposed waiver arguing that many developing countries face institutional and legal difficulties exercising such flexibilities.<\/p>\n<p>Unable to reach consensus on the waiver request, the Council chair suspended the proposal for consideration at a later date. Under WTO rules, a decision on waiver requests must be reached within 90 days, which in this instance will expire 31 December 2020. The TRIPS Council will reconvene prior to that date to further consider the waiver request.<\/p>\n<h4>The proposal will be re-considered shortly. It deserves Canada\u2019s and other countries\u2019 support.<\/h4>\n<p>In light of the above, we urge the Government of Canada, and call on other WTO member states when the TRIPS Council reconvenes to support fully this important multilateral strategy to ensure equitable access to COVID-19 products and technologies. We further call on the Government of Canada, and all other donor countries, to increase the levels of their health development assistance to countries facing health systems and procurement barriers to rapid distribution of essential medicines, vaccines and medical supplies needed to end the pandemic.<\/p>\n<h4>References<\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>Updated estimates of the impact of COVID-19 on global poverty<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.worldbank.org\/opendata\/updated-estimates-impact-covid-19-global-poverty\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> https:\/\/blogs.worldbank.org\/opendata\/updated-estimates-impact-covid-19-global-poverty<\/a><\/li>\n<li>The Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerator<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/initiatives\/act-accelerator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> https:\/\/www.who.int\/initiatives\/act-accelerator<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Waiver from certain provisions of the TRIPS agreement for the prevention, containment and treatment of COVID-19 communication from India and South Africa. Council for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights IP\/C\/W\/669 2 October 2020.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tralac.org\/documents\/resources\/covid-19\/4142-waiver-from-certain-provisions-of-the-trips-agreement-prevention-containment-and-treatment-of-covid-19-india-and-south-africa-wto-2-october-2020\/file.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> https:\/\/www.tralac.org\/documents\/resources\/covid-19\/4142-waiver-from-certain-provisions-of-the-trips-agreement-prevention-containment-and-treatment-of-covid-19-india-and-south-africa-wto-2-october-2020\/file.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Members discuss intellectual property response to the COVID-19 pandemic. 20 October 2020. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wto.org\/english\/news_e\/news20_e\/trip_20oct20_e.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.wto.org\/english\/news_e\/news20_e\/trip_20oct20_e.htm<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><i>Lead writers: Mira Johri, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al &amp; Ron Labont\u00e9, University of Ottawa<\/i><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h4>Am\u00e9liorer l'acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable : pourquoi une d\u00e9rogation \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle pour les produits et technologies COVID-19 m\u00e9rite un soutien mondial<\/h4>\n<p>Projet de d\u00e9claration conjointe de la Coalition canadienne pour la recherche en sant\u00e9 mondiale et de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 canadienne pour la sant\u00e9 internationale, soutenu par le <i>Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research<\/i>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>La pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19 repr\u00e9sente une menace sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent pour la sant\u00e9, la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et le bien-\u00eatre de l'humanit\u00e9. Dans le monde entier, la pand\u00e9mie COVID-19 touche de mani\u00e8re disproportionn\u00e9e les plus vuln\u00e9rables, exposant les d\u00e9faillances structurelles des syst\u00e8mes sanitaires, sociaux, politiques et \u00e9conomiques qui accroissent la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 la pand\u00e9mie et amplifient ses effets n\u00e9gatifs. Ces cons\u00e9quences menacent les trajectoires de d\u00e9veloppement mondial et devraient \u00eatre particuli\u00e8rement graves pour les pays et les populations pauvres, notamment en Afrique subsaharienne et en Asie du Sud[1].<\/p>\n<p>Une r\u00e9ponse efficace \u00e0 la pand\u00e9mie n\u00e9cessite un acc\u00e8s rapide \u00e0 des diagnostics, des traitements, des vaccins, des \u00e9quipements de protection individuelle et des ventilateurs efficaces et abordables.\u00a0 Alors que l'UN ACT Accelerator [2] mobilise les innovateurs pour s'attaquer au d\u00e9veloppement cl\u00e9 de ces fournitures m\u00e9dicales essentielles \u00e0 la lutte contre la pand\u00e9mie, on craint que les droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle inscrits dans les accords commerciaux internationaux ne servent \u00e0 augmenter les prix des produits et \u00e0 restreindre leur production et leur distribution, compromettant ainsi les objectifs de disponibilit\u00e9 en temps voulu et d'accessibilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re pour les personnes en ayant besoin.<\/p>\n<h4>Une proposition de d\u00e9rogation \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle pour les produits et technologies COVID-19 pendant la phase aigu\u00eb de la pand\u00e9mie<\/h4>\n<p>Pour permettre aux pays de lutter contre la pand\u00e9mie, les gouvernements de l'Inde et de l'Afrique du Sud ont pr\u00e9sent\u00e9, le 2 octobre 2020, une communication conjointe au Conseil des aspects des droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle qui touchent au commerce (ADPIC ou TRIPS en anglais) de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC), demandant une d\u00e9rogation \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle pour permettre aux pays de lutter contre la pand\u00e9mie. Cette d\u00e9rogation, d'une dur\u00e9e limit\u00e9e et devant \u00eatre revue chaque ann\u00e9e, exempterait les membres de l'OMC de l'obligation d'appliquer des droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle sp\u00e9cifiques (tels que des brevets, dessins et mod\u00e8les industriels, droits d'auteur et secrets commerciaux) aux produits et technologies COVID-19 pendant la phase aigu\u00eb de la pand\u00e9mie, jusqu'\u00e0 ce que l'immunit\u00e9 collective mondiale soit atteinte par la vaccination[3].<\/p>\n<h4>Les \u00c9tats membres de l'OMC ne sont pas encore parvenus \u00e0 un consensus sur la proposition.<\/h4>\n<p>Quarante \u00c9tats membres de l'OMC ont discut\u00e9 de la proposition de d\u00e9rogation lors d'une r\u00e9union du Conseil des ADPIC convoqu\u00e9e les 14 et 15 octobre 2020 [4]. Un certain nombre d'\u00c9tats membres en d\u00e9veloppement et moins d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s ont accueilli favorablement la d\u00e9rogation, mais ont souhait\u00e9 disposer de plus de temps pour \u00e9tudier sa mise en \u0153uvre pratique et ses impacts juridiques. D'autres \u00c9tats membres issus de pays en voie de d\u00e9veloppement et d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s se sont oppos\u00e9s \u00e0 la d\u00e9rogation, certains faisant valoir que ces droits n'ont pas constitu\u00e9 un obstacle \u00e0 l'acc\u00e8s aux m\u00e9dicaments et technologies li\u00e9s \u00e0 la COVID-19 et que les principaux obstacles sont des syst\u00e8mes de soins de sant\u00e9 et d'approvisionnement inefficaces et sous-financ\u00e9s. Il y a \u00e9galement un d\u00e9saccord sur la question de savoir si les flexibilit\u00e9s des ADPIC pour les licences obligatoires et l'importation parall\u00e8le \u00e9taient suffisantes, les partisans de la d\u00e9rogation propos\u00e9e faisant valoir que de nombreux pays en d\u00e9veloppement sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des difficult\u00e9s institutionnelles et juridiques pour exercer ces flexibilit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Incapable de parvenir \u00e0 un consensus sur la demande de d\u00e9rogation, le pr\u00e9sident du Conseil a suspendu l\u2019examen de cette proposition \u00e0 une date ult\u00e9rieure. Selon les r\u00e8gles de l'OMC, une d\u00e9cision sur les demandes de d\u00e9rogation doit \u00eatre prise dans les 90 jours, qui dans ce cas expireront le 31 d\u00e9cembre 2020. Le Conseil des ADPIC se r\u00e9unira \u00e0 nouveau avant cette date pour poursuivre l'examen de la demande de d\u00e9rogation.<\/p>\n<h4>La proposition sera r\u00e9examin\u00e9e prochainement. Elle m\u00e9rite le soutien du Canada et d'autres pays.<\/h4>\n<p>\u00c0 la lumi\u00e8re de ce qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de, nous demandons instamment au gouvernement du Canada, et nous invitons les autres \u00c9tats membres de l'OMC, lorsque le Conseil des ADPIC se r\u00e9unira \u00e0 nouveau, \u00e0 soutenir pleinement cette importante strat\u00e9gie multilat\u00e9rale visant \u00e0 garantir un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable aux produits et technologies COVID-19. En outre, nous demandons, au gouvernement du Canada, et \u00e0 tous les autres pays donateurs, d'augmenter la hauteur de leur aide au d\u00e9veloppement de la sant\u00e9 aux pays dont les syst\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9 et les politiques en mati\u00e8re d\u2019acquisition de biens publics font obstacle \u00e0 la distribution rapide des m\u00e9dicaments, vaccins et fournitures m\u00e9dicales essentiels n\u00e9cessaires pour mettre fin \u00e0 la pand\u00e9mie.<\/p>\n<p><i>Auteurs principaux: Mira Johri, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al &amp; Ron Labont\u00e9, University of Ottawa<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Traduction libre par Farah Bentahar-Houadfi<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":257,"featured_media":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":""},"categories":[21,38],"tags":[],"research-theme":[18],"stage":[44],"relationship":[63],"class_list":["post-1512","resource","type-resource","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-library-lib","category-research","research-theme-humanitarianism","stage-active","relationship-internal"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Improving equitable access: why an intellectual property waiver for COVID-19 products and technologies deserves global support - Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/dighr\/resource\/improving-equitable-access-why-an-intellectual-property-waiver-for-covid-19-products-and-technologies-deserves-global-support\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Improving equitable access: why an intellectual property waiver for COVID-19 products and technologies deserves global support - Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research supports the call for a COVID-19 WTO TRIPS IP waiver, as expressed in this joint statement released by the Canadian Coalition for Global Health Research and the Canadian Society for International Health. 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