{"id":25303,"date":"2020-11-09T12:02:10","date_gmt":"2020-11-09T17:02:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/edu\/?p=25303"},"modified":"2020-11-10T09:31:05","modified_gmt":"2020-11-10T14:31:05","slug":"the-social-political-and-moral-crisis-of-anti-black-racism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/edu\/2020\/11\/09\/the-social-political-and-moral-crisis-of-anti-black-racism\/","title":{"rendered":"The social, political and moral crisis of anti-Black racism"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

What is it like to be a Black person in Canada? The question, posed to Faculty of Education Professor Carl E. James<\/strong>, was intended as a starting point for a frank discussion about anti-Black racism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

James didn\u2019t bat an eye. \u201cWe\u2019re asked that all the time. It\u2019s a good place to start. But the fact that one would ask the question is interesting. Would a Black person ask a white person what it\u2019s like to be white? Do we assume that a Black person would understand what it means to be a white person? If so, why does the Black person understand, but not vice versa, despite the fact that the two grew up in the same place, read the same material, watched the same TV shows, attended the same university?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He paused, then answered his own question. \u201cSomething\u2019s wrong with the system. Something\u2019s wrong given that the information we all end up with is so different. We have to know what the other person\u2019s understanding if we\u2019re going to survive in this world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Racism
Racism was born of slavery that became deeply entrenched in our society<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

However, gaining an understanding of Black people today is not necessarily achieved by taking a workshop on anti-Black racism. \u201cI\u2019m deeply skeptical of that training,\u201d says Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies Professor Andrea Davis<\/strong>. \u201cIt tends to position Blackness as a problem that needs to be solved. Although the discourse appears to be coming from a liberal perspective of \u2018How can we help?,\u2019 it\u2019s really asking \u2018How can we intervene so that these problems don\u2019t overwhelm the fabric of our society?\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Carl
Carl E. James<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Both academics have explored Blackness throughout their careers. James holds the Jean Augustine Chair in Education, Community and Diaspora in addition to cross-appointments in graduate programs in Sociology, Social and Political Thought, and Social Work. Davis specializes in literatures and cultures of the Black Americas and holds cross-appointments in graduate programs in English, Interdisciplinary Studies, and Gender, Feminist and Women\u2019s Studies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Both James and Davis have recently been appointed to leadership positions at York to assist the University to build a more equitable and inclusive community. In August 2020, James was appointed senior advisor on equity and representation to the University, as part of the Division of Equity, People and Culture. In September 2020, Davis began her term as special advisor on an Anti-Black Racism Strategy<\/a>, a position developed within the dean\u2019s office in the Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Andrea
Andrea Davis<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In order to move forward, both scholars believe we must go back \u2013 back to the roots of anti-Black racism and the slavery that began in the Americas in the 1500s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe need to think of the world as we\u2019ve come to accept and understand it,\u201d James explains. \u201cWe need to reflect on the colonial system, which was developed and supported by capitalism. We need to consider capitalism\u2019s relationship to the enslavement of Africans, displacement of Indigenous peoples, the indentureship of Asians, and the immigration programs by which racialized people, even with governments\u2019 reservations, were allowed to enter Canada.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While Black slavery was abolished in Canada (in 1838) and in the United States (in 1865), Davis notes that the racism that was born of slavery became deeply entrenched in society. \u201cWe\u2019re talking about an institution that was embedded in the foundations of what we now understand as democratic societies. [Racism] was formed out of the framework of social relationships established over centuries of enslavement.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

She adds that while Black people became \u2018free,\u2019 the social systems created by slavery ensured they \u201cwould not be able to enter into full participatory citizenship, or economic, social and cultural freedom. Society shifted to a different kind of relationship with Black people, but that society still assumed their inferiority. And this is what we\u2019re still seeing in the 21st century.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe pride ourselves on social justice at York, but we have to remember we\u2019re not exempt from racism. Our leadership and our entire community need to realize that our role is not just to educate, but to reflect on what we can do better.\u201d <\/em>\u2013 Andrea Davis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The case of George Floyd, a Black man killed in May 2020 during an arrest in Minneapolis after a store clerk alleged Floyd had passed a counterfeit $20 bill, is a case in point.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYoung Black people have been taught by their parents that they should carry themselves in a certain way, and be polite and demonstrate to society that they have value,\u201d Davis explains. \u201cBut they\u2019re increasingly saying, \u2018That\u2019s untrue. We\u2019re still disproportionately killed by the police.\u2019 George Floyd was polite. He begged for his life. He said \u2018please.\u2019 He called the police officers \u2018sir.\u2019 And he still died. So now you\u2019re seeing, on the streets, a pushback against this idea that if Black people try hard enough, they\u2019ll be able to participate equally with others.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Sheila
Sheila Cote-Meek<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

But James, Davis and Sheila Cote-Meek<\/strong>, York\u2019s vice-president, equity, people and culture, see an opportunity for positive change \u2013 and they believe York University has a special role to play.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

James believes York has welcomed Black people and has made progress in increasing academic programs focused on Black issues. \u201cFor years, a significant number of Black students have attended York, specially many who are first generation in their families to attend university. One of the attractions to the University had to do with the fact that Black students were able to find other Black students to collaborate with and to gain support.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He believes more work is needed, however. \u201cWhile York has had in place some academic programs that appeal to Black students \u2013 like Latin American and Caribbean Studies and now the Black Studies Program initiated by Dr. Davis \u2013 more can be done, which I think York recognizes.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

James and Davis welcome York\u2019s commitment to increasing the number of Black faculty members. It is expected that this will help to launch courses that focus on the experiences of Black people. James, an esteemed author, has a new book on this topic: Colour Matters <\/em>(University of Toronto Press, 2021), a collection of his essays that examine various aspects of Blackness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYork was built on values of social justice and equity. When an institution sets out core values like that, then we need to live them. We need to hear more from Black faculty, students and staff around anti-Black racism that exists on our campus\u2026 and we have a responsibility to respond.\u201d<\/em> \u2013 Sheila Cote-Meek<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cote-Meek, a sociologist who is Anishinaabe from the Teme-Augama Anishnabai, feels universities hold the keys to change. \u201cNo other kind of organization has what universities have in academic freedom: the ability to explore issues \u2013 often difficult ones \u2013 and to create space to have open dialogues about issues like anti-Black and anti-Indigenous racism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cYork was built on values of social justice and equity. When an institution sets out core values like that, then we need to live them<\/em>. We\u2019ve heard and need to hear more from Black faculty, students and staff around anti-Black racism that exists on our campus\u2026 and we have a responsibility to respond.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Davis urges action: \u201cMoments come and go. We have to seize this moment. We need to move ahead on increasing the representation of full-time Black faculty, providing more diverse curricular offerings for our students that centre on the study of Black cultures, knowledge and Black ideas beyond just anti-racism courses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe pride ourselves on social justice at York, but we have to remember we\u2019re not exempt from racism. Our leadership and our entire community need to realize that our role is not just to educate, but to reflect on what we can do better.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Office of Vice-President Research & Innovation continues to contribute to the intensification efforts to York University<\/a> to improve and expand initiatives that aim to address anti-Black racism, and further the principles of equity, diversity and inclusion across the entire University, especially in the research, innovation, and knowledge mobilization domains. To support this work, the University has undertaken a series of consultations with students, faculty, instructors, staff and other community leaders at York on anti-Black racism and to identify ways to address systemic barriers within the institution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For more information on James, visit his Faculty profile page<\/a> and the Jean Augustine Chair website<\/a>. To learn more about Davis, visit her Faculty profile page<\/a> and the YFile <\/em>article about her special advisor role<\/a>. To read more about Cote-Meek, see the announcement, in YFile<\/em>, of her appointment<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

York\u2019s Organized Research Units are stellar resources as well: The Centre for Research on Latin America and the Caribbean<\/a>; and  The Harriet Tubman Institute for Research on Africa and Its Diasporas<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To learn more about Research & Innovation at York, follow us at @YUResearch<\/a>; watch our new animated video<\/a>, which profiles current research strengths and areas of opportunity, such as Artificial Intelligence and Indigenous futurities; and see the snapshot infographic, a glimpse of the year\u2019s successes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paul Fraumeni<\/strong> is an award-winning freelance writer, who has specialized in covering university research for more than 20 years. To learn more, visit his website<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Article originally published in the November 5, 2020 issue of \"Brainstorm<\/a>,\" a special edition of YFile<\/em> publishing on the first Friday of every month, showcasing research and innovation at York University.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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