History 1080: Growing Up in North America. Native Residential Schools. 2 Dec. 2005.

1. Native Residential Schools & Course Themes

1. Continuity & change
2. Ideal childhood ≠ children’s reality
3. Diversity
4. Social control: Victimization vs. agency

2. Native Residential Schools & Federal Indian Policy (US & Canada)

A. Missionary Tradition

B. Westward Expansion and War

- US-Indian Wars, 1860s - 1890s

- Massacre at Wounded Knee 1890

C. Assimilation:

- ‘Kill the Indian & Save the Man’

- 1876 Indian Act (Canada)

(1920 - school attendance made compulsory)

- 1887 Dawes Act (US)

3. Social History of the Residential Schools

A. Carlisle Indian School (Penn.), founded 1879 by Col. Richard Pratt

- Killing the Indian by changing appearance: short hair, new clothes, western dress

B. Industrial training, ‘half day’ & the ‘outing’ system

C. School ‘success’ and cultural dislocation

- Zitkala – Sa (1876-1938) & Luther Standing Bear (1868-1939)

D. Playing Indian

4. Continuities & Change