{"id":21153,"date":"2013-05-29T11:10:52","date_gmt":"2013-05-29T15:10:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.iposgoode.ca\/?p=21153"},"modified":"2013-05-29T11:10:52","modified_gmt":"2013-05-29T15:10:52","slug":"the_italian_google_vividown_case","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/osgoode\/iposgoode\/2013\/05\/29\/the_italian_google_vividown_case\/","title":{"rendered":"The Italian \u2018Google Vividown\u2019 Case: ISPs\u2019 Liability for User-Generated Content"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>The re-posting of this\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.medialaws.eu\/the-italian-google-vividown-case-isps-liability-for-user-generated-content\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">analysis<\/a>\u00a0is part of a cross-posting collaboration with MediaLaws: Law and Policy of the Media in\u00a0a Comparative Perspective.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><br class=\"none\" \/><em>On 21 December 2012, the Milan Court of Appeals overturned\u00a0the decision issued in 2010 by the Court of Milan in the\u00a0\u2019Google Vividown\u2019 case. Filed on 27 February 2013, the Court\u00a0of Appeals\u2019 decision was based on and confirmed the general\u00a0principle that Internet Service Providers (ISPs) have no\u00a0general duty to monitor user-uploaded content on their\u00a0systems. Laura Liguori and Federica De Santis, Partner and\u00a0Associate respectively at Portolano Cavallo Studio Legale,\u00a0analyse the impact of the case on ISPs\u2019 liability and the wider\u00a0landscape of overlapping interests in the digital climate.<br class=\"none\" \/><br class=\"none\" \/><\/em><\/p>\n<p>In this case, three executives from Google were sentenced to a six-month\u00a0suspended conviction for unlawful data processing pursuant to Italian data\u00a0protection laws after a video showing an autistic boy being bullied by his\u00a0classmates was uploaded to the Google Video platform. The Milan Court of\u00a0Appeals overturned the 2010 first instance ruling by finding the Google\u00a0executives not guilty for unlawful data processing under Italian law.<br class=\"none\" \/><br class=\"none\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>Court of Appeals<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>First, the Court of Appeals upheld the lower court\u2019s decision to acquit the\u00a0Google executives of defamation, since Google had no duty to review the\u00a0content on its system. According to the Court of Appeals, an ISP\u2019s functionality\u00a0would be clearly impaired if it were required to prevent defamation on its\u00a0platform, as the ISP would have to apply general filtering systems on the\u00a0uploaded content to prevent defamatory postings.<br class=\"none\" \/><br class=\"none\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The Court of Appeal also ruled:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>the jurisdiction of the Italian Courts applies in the case at hand, as the\u00a0damages (the diffusion of the relevant content) occurred in Italy, regardless of\u00a0where the Google servers with the uploaded content are located.<\/li>\n<li>the Italian Data Protection Code (Legislative Decree no. 196\/2003) applies to\u00a0Google Italy either because it is established in Italy according to Section 5,\u00a0paragraph 1 of the Data Protection Code or because Google Italy should be\u00a0considered as \u2018non-automated equipment\u2019 located in Italy for processing\u00a0personal data according to Section 5, paragraph 2 of the Data Protection\u00a0Code.<br class=\"none\" \/><br class=\"none\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nevertheless, the decision reversed the unlawful data processing conviction for\u00a0the following reasons:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>No general duty to monitor may be imposed on ISPs, in accordance with the\u00a0relevant provisions under the EU E-commerce Directive (2000\/31\/EC),\u00a0implemented in Italy by the E-commerce Decree (Legislative Decree no.\u00a070\/2003). From a technical standpoint, it would be impossible to impose\u00a0such a duty, which could undermine freedom of expression.<\/li>\n<li>Failure to provide data subjects with a proper privacy notice does not result\u00a0in unlawful data processing, punished as a crime under Section 167 of the\u00a0Italian Data Protection Code, and is subject only to administrative fines\u00a0according to Section 161 of the Code.<\/li>\n<li>Only the user who processed the autistic boy\u2019s data when she recorded the\u00a0disputed video and then uploaded it to the Google Video platform should\u00a0have obtained the boy\u2019s parents\u2019 consent before the video was uploaded to\u00a0Google Video, as she was the relevant data controller with regard to such\u00a0data. This did not apply to Google which, according to the Court, is not the\u00a0controller of the data in the video uploaded by users nor is processing data\u00a0when storing such data.<\/li>\n<li>Unlawful data processing is considered as a crime only when personal data\u00a0are processed (i) with a view to gain an advantage; or (ii) with wilful intent to\u00a0cause harm to others. The Court of Appeals held that in the case at hand,\u00a0Google had no intent to profit from the disputed video since no sponsored\u00a0link appeared on it and the Google executives did not act with \u2018wilful intent\u2019\u00a0since they were not aware of the content of the disputed video before it was\u00a0uploaded.<br class=\"none\" \/><br class=\"none\" \/><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Court of Appeals decision offers a comprehensive overview of Italian case\u00a0law regarding an ISP\u2019s liability for when users violate laws or infringe on others\u2019\u00a0rights, especially in cases of violation of personal data protection laws. Against\u00a0this backdrop, the decision does not address Google\u2019s role from a data\u00a0protection standpoint nor it clarifies why handling a video (e.g. storing or deleting\u00a0it) is not tantamount to processing of personal data.<br class=\"none\" \/><br class=\"none\" \/><\/p>\n<p>While there are still unclear issues in the decision, the latter will contribute\u00a0significantly to the ongoing debate about how to balance the competing\u00a0interests involved in the digital environment: protecting personal data and third\u00a0parties\u2019 rights vs. safeguarding freedom of speech and internet freedom.<br class=\"none\" \/><br class=\"none\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The re-posting of this\u00a0analysis\u00a0is part of a cross-posting collaboration with MediaLaws: Law and Policy of the Media in\u00a0a Comparative Perspective.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2140,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[65,1086,121,60,138,1091,1039],"tags":[658,483,2090,2006,2007,1087,2091],"class_list":["post-21153","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-copyright","category-european-union","category-internet","category-ip","category-jurisdiction","category-medialaws-2","category-secondary-isp-liability","tag-data-protection","tag-google","tag-isp-liability","tag-italy","tag-laura-liguori","tag-medialaws","tag-milan"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The Italian \u2018Google Vividown\u2019 Case: ISPs\u2019 Liability for User-Generated Content - IPOsgoode<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/osgoode\/iposgoode\/2013\/05\/29\/the_italian_google_vividown_case\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Italian \u2018Google Vividown\u2019 Case: ISPs\u2019 Liability for User-Generated Content - IPOsgoode\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The re-posting of this\u00a0analysis\u00a0is part of a cross-posting collaboration with MediaLaws: Law and Policy of the Media in\u00a0a Comparative Perspective.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/osgoode\/iposgoode\/2013\/05\/29\/the_italian_google_vividown_case\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"IPOsgoode\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" 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