{"id":28227,"date":"2015-11-09T15:54:21","date_gmt":"2015-11-09T20:54:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.iposgoode.ca\/?p=28227"},"modified":"2015-11-09T15:54:21","modified_gmt":"2015-11-09T20:54:21","slug":"ip-osgoode-speaks-series-featuring-prof-matthew-rimmer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/osgoode\/iposgoode\/2015\/11\/09\/ip-osgoode-speaks-series-featuring-prof-matthew-rimmer\/","title":{"rendered":"IP Osgoode Speaks Series Featuring\u00a0Prof. Matthew Rimmer"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>The Trans Pacific Partnership: Copyright Law, the Creative Industries and Internet Freedom<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In a timely manner, only three days after the <a href=\"https:\/\/ustr.gov\/about-us\/policy-offices\/press-office\/press-releases\/2015\/october\/trans-pacific-partnership-ministers\">announcement<\/a> of the conclusion of negotiations on the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP), Prof. Matthew Rimmer accepted our invitation and shared few of the hidden secrets behind the agreement as part of IP Osgoode speaks series.<\/p>\n<p>This \u2018blockbuster agreement\u2019\u2014supposedly a jovial landmark in the sphere of diplomatic international relations\u2014was diluted with a mixture of uncertainty and secrecy. According to Prof. Rimmer, the TPP is a controversial agreement for several reasons. First, many concerns were raised regarding the involvement of major companies, via special advisory groups and executives, in drafting parts of the agreement. Consequently, the companies allegedly had more influence over the TPP than the legislators since the latter could not review the agreement that was protected (and still is) under the blinds of confidentiality. Second, a few notable countries are not signatories of the TPP (China and Russia for example). The reasons underlying China and Russia\u2019s exclusions raise questions regarding the TPP\u2019s true nature\u2014is it really a trade agreement or simply, as Prof. Rimmer implied, \u2018the coalition of the willing\u2019 that was established as part of a U.S. global trade strategy.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Much of what we know to date about the TPP was retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/wikileaks.org\/Second-release-of-secret-Trans.html\">WikiLeaks<\/a>. Jamie Love, the director of <a href=\"http:\/\/keionline.org\">Knowledge Ecology International<\/a> (KEI), who recently shared\u00a0a <a href=\"http:\/\/keionline.org\/tpp\/11may2015-ip-text\">glimpse<\/a> into the TPP deliberations, alerted that \"[i]n many sections \u2026 the TPP would change global norms, restrict access to knowledge, create significant financial risks for persons using and sharing information, and, in some cases, impose new costs on persons producing new knowledge goods.\"<\/p>\n<p><strong>IP Principles and Objectives<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The TPP\u2019s IP chapter covers a wide scope of topics and is positioned to change the normative boundaries of IP and, more specifically, of copyright. The traditional approach, as shaped in the U.S. and the U.K., is rooted in the perception of copyright as a means to inspire creation and proliferate knowledge. However, as Prof. Rimmer explains, it appears that the current vision of the TPP, under the influence of the music and movie industries, seeks to transform the normative balance of IP in order to strengthen the owners\u2019 well-fortified rights. It is not hyperbole to define the TPP as a game changer that could have grave implications to the public domain.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A \u2018Mickey Mouse\u2019 Copyright Term Extension<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>According to Prof. Rimmer, the movie and the music industries have strategically argued for a prolonged extension of copyright terms. The TPP seems to answer their call, as it extends the term of protection to 70 years after the life of the author. This extension will likely have a profound affect in various fields, including Canadian cultural heritage, competition, innovation and the public domain. However, it is unclear if the TPP will include a demand for the revival of copyright works that were previously in the public domain. Prof. Rimmer also indicated that the TPP seeks to <a href=\"http:\/\/keionline.org\/sites\/default\/files\/31Aug2015-orphan-works-USTR-TPP-letter-5groups.pdf\">limit policy flexibilities<\/a> for orphan works.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Fair Use\/Dealing and Disability Rights<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There has been much academic discourse concerning whether the TPP language, in regards to the definition of fair use\/dealing, is far too narrow or too broad compared to previous agreements, particularly the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wipo.int\/treaties\/en\/text.jsp?file_id=283698\"><em>Berne Convention<\/em><\/a>, in defining copyright exceptions. The TPP definition will most likely affect the course of this discussion. If the TPP adopts a narrow definition for fair use\/dealing, it could set back recent developments in Canada related to the Supreme Court landmark decision in <a href=\"http:\/\/scc-csc.lexum.com\/scc-csc\/scc-csc\/en\/item\/2125\/index.do\"><em>CCH Canadian Ltd v Law Society of Upper Canada<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Copyright and disability rights stand in the center of recent international progress in copyright law. The <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wipo.int\/treaties\/en\/ip\/marrakesh\/\"><em>Marrakesh Treaty<\/em><\/a> \u2014the most prevalent\u2014aims to expand the recognition of the rights and interests of disabled people to access copyright protected materials, ending what was known as the \u2018Book Famine\u2019. According to Prof. Rimmer, the TPP makes an effort to recognize the <em>Marrakesh Treaty<\/em>. However, the <em>Marrakesh Treaty<\/em> is narrowly limited in scope to the visually impaired. Prof. Rimmer argues for a broader scope that will include other disabilities as well.<\/p>\n<p><strong>DMCA<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The TPP seeks to export aspects of The <em>Digital Millennium Copyright Act<\/em> (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.copyright.gov\/legislation\/dmca.pdf\"><em>DMCA<\/em><\/a>) and imbed Technological Protection Measures (known as \u2018digital Locks\u2019). Such anti-circumvention measures might endanger the fair use\/dealing exceptions. The <em>DMCA<\/em> is a premature regime that was enacted almost two decades ago, in a pre-search engine and social media era, and is not well designed for current challenges. Stressing the absolute <em>DMCA<\/em> model as part of the TPP seems unreasonable. It should be noted that the <em>DMCA<\/em> model may have grave consequences to Canada, which in the past decade have defended its copyright laws against the <em>DMCA <\/em>successfully.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Protection and Enforcement<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Protection and enforcement measures play an important role in the implementation of any international agreement. The TPP includes an arsenal of IP enforcement measures such as criminal offences and civil remedies. However, the TPP's rigid structure does not enable the members of the agreement much flexibility in adapting the TPP into their domestic laws. Prof. Rimmer criticized that the TPP \u2018locks\u2019 a specific model rigidly; it is uncompromising in regards to changes and modifications to the enforcement measures since it requires the approval of all members.<\/p>\n<p><strong>TPP\u2019s Radical Vision<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Prof. Rimmer concluded his lecture by stating that the TPP agreement \u2018is radical\u2019 not only in its objectives and purposes, but it also changes some of the fundamental doctrines in copyright such as term extension, fair use\/dealing, liability issues etc., while diminishing the public domain in the process.<\/p>\n<p>The TPP agreement is indeed a defining moment in the international effort to consolidate IP laws, however, the shroud of secrecy surrounding the TPP is not an encouraging sign. There is the general concern that the leaked terms of the TPP agreement will cause copyright laws to regress and destabilize the delicate balance between authors' and creators' rights to the public domain, thereby doing more harm than good.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The Sum of All Fears <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>On the eve of posting this blog, The Office of the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) finally published the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/the-trans-pacific-partnership\/table-of-contents-83d9de8d01b5\">full text<\/a>. Not surprisingly, we discovered that the TPP\u2019s negotiation leaks were, in general terms, accurate. For example,\u00a0the TPP includes a copyright term extension of \u2018not less than the life of the author and 70 years after the author\u2019s death\u2019 (Article 18.63(a) to the TPP) as predicted. Obviously, we should read the TPP thoroughly, however\u2014as it seems\u2014it is indeed what we all feared it to be.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><em>Aviv Gaon is a PhD candidate at Osgoode Hall Law School<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Trans Pacific Partnership: Copyright Law, the Creative Industries and Internet Freedom In a timely manner, only three days after the announcement of the conclusion of negotiations on the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPP), Prof. Matthew Rimmer accepted our invitation and shared few of the hidden secrets behind the agreement as part of IP Osgoode speaks [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2140,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1106,65,278,161,402,60,2542,1112,1129,138,116,291,1108,143,1105],"tags":[487,2583,1171,2512,2517,1414],"class_list":["post-28227","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-canada","category-copyright","category-copyright-reform","category-digital-locks","category-fair-dealing-copyright-ip","category-ip","category-ip-osgoode-speaks-series","category-ip-reform-ip","category-japan","category-jurisdiction","category-movies","category-music","category-uk-jurisdiction","category-us","category-us-canada-relations","tag-copyright-reform","tag-copyright-term-extension","tag-international","tag-ip-osgoode-speaks-series","tag-jordan-fine","tag-trans-pacific-partnership"],"yoast_head":"<!-- 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