{"id":40072,"date":"2022-10-07T12:00:38","date_gmt":"2022-10-07T16:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iposgoode.ca\/?p=40072"},"modified":"2022-10-07T12:00:38","modified_gmt":"2022-10-07T16:00:38","slug":"canadian-perspectives-on-artist-resale-rights","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/osgoode\/iposgoode\/2022\/10\/07\/canadian-perspectives-on-artist-resale-rights\/","title":{"rendered":"Canadian Perspectives on Artist Resale Rights"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<hr \/>\n<p><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft  wp-image-38274\" src=\"https:\/\/www.iposgoode.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Emily-Chow-2.jpg\" alt=\"Headshot\" width=\"75\" height=\"75\" \/>Emily Chow is an IPilogue Writer and a 2L JD Candidate at Osgoode Hall Law School.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/arts\/article-copyright-law-reform-will-allow-canadian-artists-to-cash-in-when-their\/\"><em>Globe and Mail<\/em><\/a> reported on August 7, 2022 that Innovation Minister Francois-Philippe Champagne and Heritage Minister Pablo Rodriguez are working on reforming the <a href=\"https:\/\/laws-lois.justice.gc.ca\/eng\/acts\/C-42\/Index.html\"><em>Copyright Act<\/em><\/a> to include an artist resale right (ARR) within the scope of the act\u2019s protections. First enacted in France in 1920, ARRs have now been adopted by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.adagp.fr\/en\/indicative-list-countries-whose-legislation-provides-resale-right\">over 90 countries<\/a> in the world, including India, the United Kingdom, the Philippines and Australia. To understand why ARRs may come into force, it is important to assess the various arguments in support of and against this legislation.<\/p>\n<p>ARRs formed part of the Liberal Party\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/liberal.ca\/our-platform\/helping-artists-and-cultural-industries-recover\/#:~:text=Act%2C%20including-,amending%20the%20Act,-to%20allow%20resale\">re-election platform<\/a> in 2021, but have been central to artist rights advocacy for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cbc.ca\/news\/canada\/north\/artists-lobby-for-resale-rights-legislation-1.1226190\">many years<\/a> according to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carfac.ca\/\">CARFAC<\/a> \u2013 the Canadian Artists Representation \/ Le Front des artistes canadiens \u2013 a non-profit organization of professional visual artists. Under current Canadian law, artists such as sculptors and painters receive no profits from their works\u2019 resale. One commonly cited example is the late Inuit artist Kenojuak Ashevak\u2019s print titled <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inuitartfoundation.org\/iaq-online\/kenojuak-ashevak-breaks-records-at-auction\"><em>Enchanted Owl<\/em><\/a>. Hailing from Kinnigait (formerly Cape Dorset), Nunavut, Ashevak originally sold her print for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theartnewspaper.com\/2022\/08\/12\/canada-artists-resale-rights-royalties#:~:text=Nunavut%20for%20just-,C%2424,-.%20In%20November%202018\">$24<\/a> in 1960. In November of 2018, a limited-edition <em>Enchanted Owl <\/em>print sold for $216,000 at Waddington's Auctioneers and Appraisals Toronto: nine thousand times the original price and breaking the record for the most expensive Canadian artist print ever sold via auction.<\/p>\n<p>If ARRs existed in Canada, Ashevak\u2019s estate would have received $10,800 for the sale of <em>Enchanted Owl. <\/em>CARFAC has been advocating for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carfac.ca\/carfacwp2019\/wp-content\/uploads\/Artist-Resale-Right-Proposal-Oct-2015.pdf\">5% of a work\u2019s resale price<\/a> to be granted to the original artist or their estate, pointing to the fact that half of Canada\u2019s visual artists earn less than $18,000 per year. In its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.carfac.ca\/carfacwp2019\/wp-content\/uploads\/Artist-Resale-Right-Proposal-Oct-2015.pdf\">October 2015 policy proposition<\/a>, CARFAC also highlighted the reality that many artists living in isolated northern communities live in impoverished conditions, while their work dramatically appreciates in value. In <a href=\"https:\/\/openparliament.ca\/committees\/finance\/42-1\/52\/theresie-tungilik-1\/only\/\">an address to a parliamentary committee in 2016<\/a>, Rankin Inlet-based artist Theresie Tungilik noted that \u201c[the] artist's resale right will have a positive financial impact as 10% of Canada\u2019s export is Inuit art.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The rise of NFTs and blockchain technology \u2013 despite providing an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iposgoode.ca\/2022\/07\/should-artists-make-money-off-future-sales-of-their-work-an-argument-for-and-against\/?fbclid=IwAR2g_B-_mvWVM59uNq9xVyR4ndLSOPJ5eVmr6NNI-Kk1VN7MgIBJjHRSj5Y\">NFT \u201cloophole\u201d<\/a> \u2013 has also provided opportunities for artists to be compensated for the appreciation of their works. The embedding of \u201csmart contracts\u201d in NFT sales allows for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.artforum.com\/slant\/peter-j-karol-and-guy-a-rub-on-resale-contract-law-and-the-secondary-market-85413\">automatic distribution of royalties \u2013 roughly 10% \u2013 anytime a change of ownership is requested on the blockchain. <\/a>Exercising control of downstream purchaser actions for traditional or non-digital artistic mediums is more complicated. Outside of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.heerlaw.com\/moral-rights-copyright-law\">moral rights<\/a>, which protect the original artist\u2019s right to be associated with the work without modification or destruction, agreements of purchase and sale generally enable the purchaser to do whatever they see fit with the work.<\/p>\n<p>While organizations like CARFAC, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.socan.com\/the-artists-resale-right\/\">SOCAN<\/a> (Society for Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada) and <a href=\"https:\/\/raav.org\/app\/uploads\/2021\/03\/droit_de_suite_propostion_raav-carfac.pdf\">RAAV<\/a> (Regroupement des artistes en arts visuels du Qu\u00e9bec) are staunch supporters of the artist resale right in Canada, other groups remain hesitant. Both the Contemporary Art Galleries Association (AGAC) and Art Dealers Association of Canada (ADAC) are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theartnewspaper.com\/2022\/08\/12\/canada-artists-resale-rights-royalties\">concerned with the proposed reforms<\/a>, arguing that ARR collections would be a bureaucratic burden for small galleries, as well as raise the price of art and reduce sales. Interestingly, a study done in the UK by WIPO entitled \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wipo.int\/meetings\/en\/doc_details.jsp?doc_id=389676\">The Economic Implications of the Artist\u2019s Resale Right<\/a>\u201d demonstrated that the resale right had no negative impact of the price of artworks or the competitiveness of markets. The study also found that the market continued to grow after the implementation of the resale right in 2006.<\/p>\n<p>Not all Canadian galleries oppose ARRs. Jay Isaac, an artist himself who runs the Peter Estey Fine Art auction house in New Brunswick, has <a href=\"https:\/\/canadianart.ca\/news\/artist-run-auction-house-pays-out-artist-resale-right-even-though-its-not-legislated-yet\/\">committed<\/a> to <a href=\"https:\/\/canadianart.ca\/news\/artist-run-auction-house-pays-out-artist-resale-right-even-though-its-not-legislated-yet\/\">paying the 5% ARR anyways<\/a>. Isaac told <em>Canadian Art<\/em> that \u201cas a small, artist-run business I have to say the idea of a policy is great, and the idea of a resale right becoming law is great\u2014but sometimes I think that [lack of law] is used as an excuse not to move forward. People with money and power should really be doing this anyway.\u201d Although no specific amendments have been presented yet, it will be interesting to see how the conversation regarding ARRs continues to develop in Canada. Most importantly, ARR discussions provide an opportunity to consider how to best support our diverse artists and creatives.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Further Reading:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Michelle Mao\u2019s <em>IPilogue<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iposgoode.ca\/2022\/07\/should-artists-make-money-off-future-sales-of-their-work-an-argument-for-and-against\/?fbclid=IwAR2g_B-_mvWVM59uNq9xVyR4ndLSOPJ5eVmr6NNI-Kk1VN7MgIBJjHRSj5Y\">article<\/a> on ARRs and NFT loopholes<\/p>\n<p>SOCAN\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ourcommons.ca\/Content\/Committee\/421\/INDU\/Brief\/BR10273942\/br-external\/SocietyForReproductionRightsOfAuthorsComposersAndPublishersInCanada-e.pdf\">submission<\/a> to the Standing Committee on Industry, Science and Technology as part of the statutory review of the <em>Copyright Act<\/em><\/p>\n<p>WIPO Magazine, \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wipo.int\/wipo_magazine\/en\/2017\/03\/article_0001.html\">The artist\u2019s resale right: a fair deal for visual artists<\/a>\u201d by Catherine Jewell<\/p>\n<p>Inuit Art Foundation\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inuitartfoundation.org\/about\">website<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2140,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[89,3,65,60],"tags":[2216,90,642,27,93,427],"class_list":["post-40072","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-arts","category-blogs","category-copyright","category-ip","tag-artists","tag-arts","tag-canada","tag-copyright","tag-emily-chow","tag-ip-reform"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Canadian Perspectives on Artist Resale Rights - IPOsgoode<\/title>\n<meta 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