{"id":40639,"date":"2023-03-06T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-03-06T17:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.iposgoode.ca\/?p=40639"},"modified":"2023-03-06T12:00:00","modified_gmt":"2023-03-06T17:00:00","slug":"japanese-ip-high-court-steps-on-louboutins-toes-again-over-its-red-sole-mark","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/osgoode\/iposgoode\/2023\/03\/06\/japanese-ip-high-court-steps-on-louboutins-toes-again-over-its-red-sole-mark\/","title":{"rendered":"Japanese IP High Court Steps on Louboutin\u2019s Toes (Again) Over its Red Sole Mark"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n

\"\"Katie Graham is an IPilogue Writer and a 2L JD Candidate at Osgoode Hall Law School.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n

\n

On December 26, 2022, the Japanese IP High Court dismissed an appeal from Christian Louboutin (\u201cLouboutin\u201d), a shoe designer known for its iconic red-bottom heels, in its action against Japanese shoe designer, Eizo Collection Co., Ltd. (\u201cEizo\u201d), to shut down Eizo\u2019s use of red soles on high-heeled shoes.<\/p>\n

In May 2019, Louboutin sued Eizo under the Unfair Competition Prevention Law, seeking a permanent injunction against Eiko\u2019s production of red-soled high heels and damages of approximately CAD 43,500. The Tokyo District Court ruled against Louboutin by finding red soles insufficient as a source indicator, and that the likelihood of confusion among consumers is therefore low. The IP High Court affirmed the judgment and placed particular emphasis on the following factors<\/a> to assess the likelihood of confusion:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. The relevant consumers in the Japanese shoe market (women from their 20s to 50s) are likely to try on multiple shoes before purchasing ones that fit in a physical store;<\/li>\n
  2. The market can be divided into three categories: (i) luxury brand products, (ii) affordable brand products, and (iii) inexpensive no-name products;<\/li>\n
  3. The shoes in question, as well as most high-heeled shoes, bear a brand name or logo on the insole so that consumers can distinguish between trade sources; and<\/li>\n
  4. E-commerce websites post images of ladies\u2019 shoes and identify the trade source for the respective goods in advertisements (Masaki Mikami<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    While Louboutin\u2019s products retail for JPY80,000 ($613)<\/a> and over and fall within the luxury brand market, Eizo\u2019s shoes occupy the affordable or no-name brand markets, with an average retail price of JPY17,000 ($130). As such, the court ruled that, despite the resemblance of the colour of Louboutin and Eiko\u2019s outsoles, the likelihood of confusion amongst consumers is low since each company occupies a different position in the market.<\/p>\n

    Relying on the fact that Louboutin is not the exclusive supplier of red-soled high heels in Japan and only 51.6% of targeted women in their 20s to 50s residing in major Japanese cities recognized Louboutin at the sight of a red-soled high-shoe, the IP High Court rejected<\/a> Louboutin\u2019s assertion of its remarkable reputation amongst consumers. The court also took issue<\/a> with Louboutin\u2019s market research. The 3,149 individuals surveyed were luxury retail shoppers and were only presented with Louboutin\u2019s products, not Eizo\u2019s.<\/p>\n

    This loss for Louboutin follows several years of rejections<\/a> from the Japan Patent Office (JPO) and JPO Appeal Board to register its trademark for a colour mark consisting of a red (Pantone 18-1663TP) coloured in soles for use in high heels filed on April 1, 2015 (TM App no. 2015-29921<\/a>). In April 2015, Japan opened the gate for non-traditional trademarks, including colour, sound, and motion . As of November 2020, however, the JPO only registered 8 colour marks<\/a> out of 543 applications for colour marks. The JPO refused the mark<\/a> based on Article 3(1)(iii) of the Japan Trademark Law, stating that Louboutin\u2019s colour mark lacks distinctiveness to be deemed as an indicator of source for Louboutin in the Japanese market.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    (Alt Text: EIZO shoes with red soles; Source: (Masaki Mikami<\/a>)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2140,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,60,1129,138,62,75],"tags":[1093,407,1128,4728,2951,56,3208],"class_list":["post-40639","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blogs","category-ip","category-japan","category-jurisdiction","category-trademarks","category-trademarks-2","tag-blogs","tag-ip","tag-japan","tag-katie-graham","tag-trademark-infringement","tag-trademarks","tag-unfair-competition"],"yoast_head":"\nJapanese IP High Court Steps on Louboutin\u2019s Toes (Again) Over its Red Sole Mark - IPOsgoode<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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