{"id":8504,"date":"2010-06-04T09:53:54","date_gmt":"2010-06-04T14:53:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.iposgoode.ca\/?p=8504"},"modified":"2010-06-04T09:53:54","modified_gmt":"2010-06-04T14:53:54","slug":"google-books-and-privacy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/osgoode\/iposgoode\/2010\/06\/04\/google-books-and-privacy\/","title":{"rendered":"Google Books and Privacy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><em>Michael Perry is\u00a0a graduate from the School of Information at University of Michigan specializing in the field of Information Policy. <\/em><\/p>\n<p>Google Books was first introduced in late 2003. \u00a0The project\u2019s goal was to scan books and make them available to online searches.\u00a0 Users would be able to search for specific terms in the books.\u00a0 Google <a href=\"http:\/\/books.google.com\/googlebooks\/partners.html\">partnered<\/a> with major universities, including the University of Michigan and Harvard University, and the New York Public Library to build its digital library database.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Copyright Infringement<\/span><\/p>\n<p>In 2005, the Authors Guild and the Association of American Publishers (AAP) filed separate lawsuits claiming copyright infringement.\u00a0 The complaint centered on the scanning of the books.\u00a0 Google was making a digital copy of a book without permission from the author\/owner of the copyright.\u00a0 However, Google defended the scanning practice as fair use.\u00a0 It argued that in order to make searches possible, it was necessary to scan the entire book.\u00a0 Google stated that the user never had access to the entire digital scan.\u00a0 Only a few lines of text were displayed to the user.\u00a0 In October 2008, <a href=\"http:\/\/static.googleusercontent.com\/external_content\/untrusted_dlcp\/www.googlebooksettlement.com\/en\/us\/intl\/en\/Final-Notice-of-Class-Action-Settlement.pdf\">a settlement<\/a> between the parties was announced.\u00a0 Under the agreement, a Book Rights Registry would be created to represent the interests of the copyright holders (known as the Rightsholders).\u00a0 Because it scanned books without permission, Google agreed to pay the Rightsholders $45 million.\u00a0 For books scanned after May 5, 2009, the parties would participate in a revenue-sharing venture, with 63% of the revenue going to the Rightsholders and 37% going to Google.\u00a0 The settlement, however, is still pending judicial approval.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Privacy Concerns<\/span><\/p>\n<p>One issue with the settlement was Google\u2019s privacy policy.\u00a0 Initially, Google did not have one for this service.\u00a0 In 2007 a <a href=\"http:\/\/www.libraryjournal.com\/article\/CA6446337.html\">Library Journal article<\/a> highlighted the concern that, without a strong privacy element designed into the system, Google Books could cross-list information from its many platforms (Gmail, Google Search, etc.) and combine it with the user\u2019s book searches.\u00a0 The thrust of the privacy debate began in early 2009 when the American Library Association (ALA) voiced its concerns about user privacy.<sup>1<\/sup> Google\u2019s initial response was underwhelming \u2013 citing that there was not a privacy component in the settlement because the end-product had not yet been developed.\u00a0 However, in July 2009, Google announced that they were investigating how to protect user privacy and by September had released a <a href=\"http:\/\/booksearch.blogspot.com\/2009\/07\/google-books-settlement-and-privacy.html%20\/\">policy specific<\/a> to Google Books.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Google\u2019s Privacy Policies<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Google has a general privacy policy but has created specific policies for particular services. \u00a0For example, Google Health, which stores an individual\u2019s medical records, keeps the records and logs of those accounts completely separate from its other services.\u00a0 It effectively silos the information.\u00a0 Google Latitude, a service that allows mobile users to display their location, requires users to opt-in before their location is shown.\u00a0 Google Maps takes steps to blur individual faces found in the Street View.<sup>2<\/sup> Privacy advocates are pushing for a similar, service-specific approach to Google Books.\u00a0 The difficulty is that Google Books is a hybrid of the online bookstore and the virtual library.\u00a0 At a 2010 Fairness Hearing over the 2008 settlement agreement, Judge Chin asked about the difference between Google Books and Amazon.\u00a0 Cindy Cohn, a representative of Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), <a href=\"http:\/\/laboratorium.net\/archive\/2010\/02\/20\/gbs_fairness_hearing_report\">replied<\/a> that Amazon can only know what book you purchase whereas Google can track every page that is viewed.<\/p>\n<p>Is it possible to extend the privacy expectations associated with libraries to a Google Books privacy policy?\u00a0 The answer is \u2013 partially.\u00a0 The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and the EFF have urged Google to provide stronger privacy protection.\u00a0 The <a href=\"http:\/\/www.eff.org\/deeplinks\/2009\/09\/google-book-privacy-policy-good-start-more-needed\">EFF proposed<\/a> that Google delete the log of a user\u2019s search results within 30 days.\u00a0 Not only would this minimize the potential abuse of the search records but it is in keeping with other Google policies.\u00a0 Google Health deletes logs after two weeks.\u00a0 This proposed deletion period is reasonable \u2013 it allows Google to analyze data to improve search algorithms while addressing the user\u2019s (valid) expectation of privacy while searching for books.\u00a0 It is in line with other existing Google privacy policies.\u00a0 Finally, as one observer commented during the Fairness Hearing, Judge Chin is <a href=\"http:\/\/laboratorium.net\/archive\/2010\/02\/20\/gbs_fairness_hearing_report\">looking for a compromise<\/a> to address the privacy concerns.<\/p>\n<p>This balancing act may not meet the legal standards that physical public libraries must meet.\u00a0 However, the profile of privacy with the Google Books service is much more visible today.\u00a0 Advocates for privacy have momentum on their side, especially as users become more aware of privacy policies with online services (one only has to look at the reaction by users to Facebook\u2019s privacy stance).\u00a0 It remains to be seen what the final form of that policy will be.\u00a0 But there <em>will <\/em>be a privacy component to the Google Books settlement.\u00a0 And it will more closely resemble that of a library than that of a bookseller.<\/p>\n<hr size=\"1\" \/><sup>1<\/sup>\u00a0\"ALA Reluctantly Accepts Google Book Deal, but Internet Archive Finds it Untenable.\" <em>Washington Internet Daily<\/em> 22 apr 2009: n. pag.<\/p>\n<p><sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0\"What the web knows about you\". <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Consumer Privacy <\/span>November 29, 2009: 28.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Michael Perry is\u00a0a graduate from the School of Information at University of Michigan specializing in the field of Information Policy. Google Books was first introduced in late 2003. \u00a0The project\u2019s goal was to scan books and make them available to online searches.\u00a0 Users would be able to search for specific terms in the books.\u00a0 Google [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2140,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[65,117,110],"tags":[970],"class_list":["post-8504","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-copyright","category-electronic-databases","category-privacy","tag-michael-perry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Google Books and Privacy - IPOsgoode<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/osgoode\/iposgoode\/2010\/06\/04\/google-books-and-privacy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Google Books and Privacy - IPOsgoode\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Michael Perry is\u00a0a graduate from the School of Information at University of Michigan specializing in the field of Information Policy. 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