{"id":32182,"date":"2011-06-09T04:00:00","date_gmt":"2011-06-09T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/researchdev\/2011\/06\/09\/professor-jennifer-hyndman-humanitarian-aid-can-fuel-a-war-if-not-done-carefully-2\/"},"modified":"2025-01-29T14:48:02","modified_gmt":"2025-01-29T19:48:02","slug":"professor-jennifer-hyndman-humanitarian-aid-can-fuel-a-war-if-not-done-carefully-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/research\/2011\/06\/09\/professor-jennifer-hyndman-humanitarian-aid-can-fuel-a-war-if-not-done-carefully-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Professor Jennifer Hyndman: Humanitarian aid can fuel a war if not done carefully"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>York sociology and geography Professor <a title=\"Jennifer Hyndman Research Profile York University\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/laps\/geog\/profiles\/j_hyndman.html\">Jennifer Hyndman<\/a> knows a little about disasters. She also knows a benign water project run by humanitarian aid agencies can fuel a war if careful attention is not paid to the political and cultural landscape.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/yfile\/photos\/20110614\/JenniferHyndmanBook.jpg\" alt=\"\" hspace=\"8\" vspace=\"8\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" align=\"right\" \/>Hyndman was in Sri Lanka within months of the 2004 tsunami. She saw first-hand not only the devastation wrought by the tsunami, but the complications of delivering humanitarian aid in areas of Sri Lanka and Indonesia that were already conflict-riddled and impoverished. She also witnessed how the natural and man-made disasters intersected to change the political dynamics of both countries \u2013 a peace accord in Indonesia and the end of war in Sri Lanka between the government and the Tamils.<\/p>\n<p>Her experiences led to\u00a0the recently released book, <em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.kpbooks.com\/Books\/BookDetail.aspx?productID=234742\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dual Disasters: Humanitarian Aid after the 2004 Tsunami<\/a><\/em> and companion videos by Hyndman and geographer and humanitarian aid worker\u00a0Arno Waizenegger,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/vimeo.com\/7490800\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Hidden in the Limelight of the Tsunami: Aceh's Silent Disasters<\/a> and <a href=\"http:\/\/vimeo.com\/8411268\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Two Solitudes: Post-Tsunami and Post Conflict Aceh<\/a>. To watch the first video, enter the password, \"Lhokse\". Waizenegger also co-wrote\u00a0one of the book's\u00a0chapters with Hyndman.<\/p>\n<p>The earthquake-triggered tsunami is estimated to have killed or displaced more than one million people \u2013\u00a0three women for every man \u2013\u00a0and billions in donations flowed in for relief efforts. <em>Dual Disasters<\/em> addresses pre- and post-humanitarian aid concerns and offers suggestions that are still relevant today.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI examine two war zones that were then hit by the 2004 tsunami and trace how the conflict and the environmental disaster shaped one another in terms of outcomes,\u201d says Hyndman of York's Department of Social Sciences in the Faculty of Liberal Arts &amp; Professional Studies, who has studied humanitarian emergencies, conflict-related human disaster and displacement for more than a decade. For the book, she focused specifically on Sri Lanka and Aceh, Indonesia.<\/p>\n<p><strong><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/yfile\/photos\/20110614\/\/JenniferHyndman.jpg\" alt=\"\" hspace=\"8\" vspace=\"8\" width=\"179\" height=\"239\" align=\"left\" \/>Left: <\/strong>Jennifer Hyndman<\/p>\n<p>The book examines the inequitable\u00a0delivery of humanitarian aid, but also looks at\u00a0how the\u00a0cultural and political situation in both countries played into that. If more aid\u00a0was given to the coastal areas of Sri Lanka, because of their tourist appeal, than to the people in the hinterland, who are hardest hit by war, that imbalance created a \u201cpotential and real threat to peace.\u201d\u00a0Similarly in\u00a0Aceh, Indonesia, international tsunami aid\u00a0was earmarked exclusively for tsunami survivors and not for civilians who had lost their homes and livelihoods in the decades old conflict. This became the cause\u00a0of tensions and threats recorded in the book by Hyndman and her research assistants.<\/p>\n<p>The problem was that\u00a0aid agencies had little latitude to spend donated money.\u00a0As it's often designated for specific things,\u00a0some agencies collected more money than they could ethically spend, she says. That led to the hiring of sub-contractors who not only didn\u2019t necessarily do the best job, but it also made it more difficult to monitor the funds. This could be remedied if donors gave aid agencies more leverage to spend their donations where needed, says Hyndman, associate director of the <a title=\"Centre for Refugee Studies\" href=\"http:\/\/crs.yorku.ca\/\">Centre for Refugee Studies<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, aid workers can unintentionally become wrapped up in the politics.\u00a0\u201cYou need to pay very close attention to the political climate, otherwise you can become a political player in what you think is a humanitarian operation.\u201d That can play out in as simple an act as talking to people living on one side of a road. What the aid workers may not\u00a0realize is that the people on one side\u00a0of the road are enemies with those on the opposite side, and the workers are seen as allies to one side only.\u00a0\u201cThe unintended result is that humanitarian aid can actually fuel a conflict or create tensions.\"<\/p>\n<p><strong><\/strong>Or, as in the case of the water pumps, what seemed like an easy and fast solution \u2013 provide villages with water pumps so they no longer had to dig wells \u2013 turned out to be not so\u00a0simple in an area of Sri Lanka where tensions were already high between various factions. Bringing in water pumps heightened conflicting interests, instead of\u00a0making\u00a0life easier. \u201cSo unintentionally, a benign water project can fuel a war.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>It is just as important for aid workers to be aware of a country's cultural practices.\u00a0One aid agency built much-needed, but culturally inappropriate\u00a0housing. The new houses only had one room, when two were required to keep the women separate from the men. Hyndman says many of these issues could be avoided by providing regional cultural and political sensitivity orientation and training to humanitarian aid workers.<\/p>\n<p>Competition between aid agencies for donor dollars was another issue raised by the book, but it has, at least in Canada, been addressed to some extent. Care Canada, Oxfam Canada, Oxfam Quebec and Save the Children formed a coalition after the 2004 tsunami to work together.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s an excellent step in the right direction,\u201d says Hyndman.<\/p>\n<p>For more information, visit the <a href=\"http:\/\/kumarianblog.blogspot.com\/2011\/03\/q-with-author-jennifer-hyndman.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kumarian Press Blog<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><em>By Sandra McLean, YFile writer<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Republished courtesy of <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/yfile\">YFile<\/a><em>\u2013   York University\u2019s      daily e-bulletin.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>York sociology and geography Professor Jennifer Hyndman knows a little about disasters. She also knows a benign water project run by humanitarian aid agencies can fuel a war if careful attention is not paid to the political and cultural landscape. Hyndman was in Sri Lanka within months of the 2004 tsunami. She saw first-hand not [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6204,6205,69,39,102,103,518],"tags":[747,749,77,174,638,516,1894,79,752,2337,1782,1441,753,634,2833,339,1553],"class_list":["post-32182","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-books-research-publications","category-centre-for-refugee-studies-research-centres","category-international","category-news","category-research-centres","category-research-publications","category-social-sciences","tag-2004-indian-ocean-tsunami","tag-aceh-indonesia","tag-books","tag-centre-for-refugee-studies","tag-department-of-social-science","tag-disaster-response","tag-documentaries","tag-faculty-of-liberal-arts-professional-studies","tag-humanitarian-response-to-conflict-and-disaster","tag-indonesia","tag-international-politics","tag-international-relations","tag-jennifer-hyndman","tag-philanthropists","tag-sri-lanka","tag-video","tag-water"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Professor Jennifer Hyndman: Humanitarian aid can fuel a war if not done carefully | Research &amp; Innovation<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"For immediate release: Professor Jennifer Hyndman: Humanitarian aid can fuel a war if not done carefully. 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