{"id":285382,"date":"2021-03-09T17:15:59","date_gmt":"2021-03-09T22:15:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/yfiledev.uit.yorku.ca\/?p=285382"},"modified":"2025-04-03T11:12:10","modified_gmt":"2025-04-03T15:12:10","slug":"maternal-instincts-lead-to-social-life-of-bees","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/yfile\/2021\/03\/09\/maternal-instincts-lead-to-social-life-of-bees\/","title":{"rendered":"Maternal instincts lead to social life of bees"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The maternal care of offspring is one of the behavioural drivers that has led some bee species to have an ever-expanding social life over the history of evolution, new research out of York University has found.<\/p>\n<p>By virtue of being in a social group, the genome itself may respond by selecting more social rather than non-social genes. The behaviour and social environment come first, setting the stage for future molecular evolution.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_285404\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-285404\" class=\"wp-image-285404 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/yfile.news.yorku.ca\/files\/2021\/03\/Certina-calcarate-female-face-copy-600x400-1.jpg\" alt=\"The face of Ceratina calcarate female carpenter bee. Photo by Sandra Rehan\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/yfile\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/889\/2021\/03\/Certina-calcarate-female-face-copy-600x400-1.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/yfile\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/889\/2021\/03\/Certina-calcarate-female-face-copy-600x400-1-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-285404\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The face of Ceratina calcarate female carpenter bee. Photo by Sandra Rehan<\/p><\/div>\n<p>In addition, the researchers have found that a similar genetic evolution happened independently in different species at different times, suggesting there is a unifying principle leading to the same social trait.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere seems to be something about sociality specifically that is driving the genome to evolve in this way. It\u2019s a very interesting finding previously reported only in ants and honeybees,\u201d says lead researcher Associate Professor\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/news.yorku.ca\/experts\/?name_or_keyword=sandra+rehan&amp;research_area=&amp;submit=Search+the+Guide&amp;search=Y\">Sandra Rehan<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0of the Faculty of Science.<\/p>\n<p>They also sequenced the genome of six of the carpenter bee species \u2013 one from North America, three from Australia, one from Japan and another from Kenya \u2013 to find out how sociability affects genome evolution. They found that caring for the species\u2019 young in a group has in many cases led to the selection of social rather than non-social gene regulation.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_285391\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-285391\" class=\"size-full wp-image-285391\" src=\"https:\/\/yfile.news.yorku.ca\/files\/2021\/03\/Founding-nest-female-in-nest-600x400-1.jpg\" alt=\"A founding nest female Ceratina_calcarata carpenter bee in a nest. Photo by Sandra Rehan\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/yfile\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/889\/2021\/03\/Founding-nest-female-in-nest-600x400-1.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/yfile\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/889\/2021\/03\/Founding-nest-female-in-nest-600x400-1-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-285391\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A founding nest female <em>Ceratina calcarata<\/em> carpenter bee in a nest. Photo by Sandra Rehan<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Rehan and her team looked at 16 different bee species across three different independent origins of eusociality \u2013 the transition from solitary to social life in which bees or other species live in a multigenerational group cooperatively caring for offspring where there is a reproductive division of labour.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen we see the rise of queens and workers in complex sociality, we tend to see a rise of more complex genomic signatures, rates of evolution in the genome, but also the complexity of the structure of the genomes,\u201d says Rehan. \u201cWe know so little about how sociality evolves.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Most bees are solitary, but some, like honeybees and carpenter bees, have transitioned to being social. Overall, though, sociality is relatively rare in the animal kingdom, and in bees.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_285390\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-285390\" class=\"size-full wp-image-285390\" src=\"https:\/\/yfile.news.yorku.ca\/files\/2021\/03\/Ceratina_calcarata-600x400-1.jpg\" alt=\"A Ceratina_calcarata carpenter bee. Photo by Sandra Rehan\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/yfile\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/889\/2021\/03\/Ceratina_calcarata-600x400-1.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/yfile\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/889\/2021\/03\/Ceratina_calcarata-600x400-1-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-285390\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A <em>Ceratina calcarata<\/em> carpenter bee. Photo by Sandra Rehan<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u201cWe are trying to understand how life evolved from simple to complex. We\u2019re mostly interested in how they got there. By studying these kinds of intermediatory groups and simple societies, we really can ask that question empirically,\u201d says Rehan.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt gives us a window into the evolution of complexity and behaviour broadly. We can study it very practically in insects and bees because they show remarkable diversity in behaviour, but it gives us insights into all animals, including ourselves.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The research was published in the Nature journal,<em>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42003-021-01770-6\">Communications Biology<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The maternal care of offspring is one of the behavioural drivers that has led some bee species to have an ever-expanding social life over the history of evolution, new research out of York University has 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