The 8051 Microcontroller

• Photo available (43K)
• ftp archive
• Information on the SBC51 single-board computer
• The 8051 Architecture for Embedded Control Systems - a 1-day tutorial

Table of Contents

1 - INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLERS

• Introduction
• Terminology
• The Central Processing Unit
• Semiconductor Memory: RAM and ROM
• The Buses: Address, Data, and Control
• Input/Output Devices
• Mass Storage Devices
• Human Interface Devices
• Control/Monitor Devices
• Programs: Big and Small
• Micros, Minis, and Mainframes
• Microprocessors vs. Microcontrollers
• Hardware Architecture
• Applications
• Instruction Set Features
• New Concepts
• Gains and Losses: A Design Example
• Problems

Chapter 2 - HARDWARE SUMMARY

• MCS-51 Family Overview
• Once Around the Pins
• Port 0
• Port 1
• Port 2
• Port 3
• PSEN (Program Store Enable)
• ALE (Address Latch Enable)
• EA (External Access)
• RST (Reset)
• On-chip Oscillator Inputs
• Power Connections
• I/O Port Structure
• Memory Organization
• General Purpose RAM
• Bit-addressable RAM
• Register Banks
• Special Function Registers
• Program Status Word
• B Register
• Stack Pointer
• Data Pointer
• Port Registers
• Timer Registers
• Serial Port Registers
• Interrupt Registers
• Power Control Register
• External Memory
• Accessing External Code Memory
• Accessing External Data Memory
• Address Decoding
• Overlapping the External Code and Data Spaces
• 8032/8052 Enhancements
• Reset Operation
• Summary
• Problems

Chapter 3 - INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY

• Introduction
• Addressing Modes
• Register Addressing
• Direct Addressing
• Indirect Addressing
• Immediate Addressing
• Relative Addressing
• Absolute Addressing
• Long Addressing
• Indexed Addressing
• Instruction Types
• Arithmetic Instructions
• Logical Instructions
• Data Transfer Instructions
• Boolean Instructions
• Program Branching Instructions
• Problems

Chapter 4 - TIMER OPERATION

• Introduction
• Timer Mode Register (TMOD)
• Timer Control Register (TCON)
• Timer Modes and the Overflow Flag
• 13-Bit Timer Mode (Mode 0)
• 16-Bit Timer Mode (Mode 1)
• 8-Bit Auto-Reload Mode (Mode 2)
• Split Timer Mode (Mode 3)
• Clocking Sources
• Interval Timing
• Event Counting
• Starting, Stopping, and Controlling the Timers
• Initializing and Accessing Timer Registers
• Reading a Timer "On the Fly"
• Short Intervals and Long Intervals
• 8052 Timer 2
• Auto-Reload Mode
• Capture Mode
• Baud Rate Generation
• Summary
• Problems

Chapter 5 - SERIAL PORT OPERATION

• Introduction
• Serial Port Control Register
• Modes of Operation
• 8-Bit Shift Register (Mode 0)
• 8-Bit UART with Variable Baud Rate (Mode 1)
• 9-Bit UART with Fixed Baud Rate (Mode 2)
• 9-Bit UART with Variable Baud Rate (Mode 3)
• Initialization and Accessing Serial Port Register
• Receiver Enable
• The 9th Data Bit
• Adding a Parity Bit
• Interrupt Flags
• Multiprocessor Communication
• Serial Port Baud Rates
• Using Timer 1 as the Baud Rate Clock
• Summary
• Problems

Chapter 6 - INTERRUPTS

• Introduction
• 8051 Interrupt Organization
• Enabling and Disabling Interrupts
• Interrupt Priority
• Polling Sequence
• Processing Interrupts
• Interrupt Vectors
• Program Design Using Interrupts
• Small Interrupt Service Routines
• Large Interrupt Service Routines
• Serial Port Interrupts
• External Interrupts
• Interrupt Timings
• Summary
• Problems

Chapter 7 - ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE PROGRAMMING

• Introduction
• Assembler Operation
• Pass One
• Pass Two
• Assembly Language Program Format
• Label Field
• Mnemonic
• Operand Field
• Comment Field
• Special Assembler Symbols
• Indirect Address
• Immediate Data
• Data Address
• Bit Address
• Code Address
• Generic Jumps and Calls
• Assemble-Time Expression Evaluation
• Number Bases
• Character Strings
• Arithmetic Operators
• Logical Operators
• Special Operators
• Relational Operators
• Expression Examples
• Operator Precedence
• Assembler Directives
• Assembler State Control
• Symbol Definition
• Storage Initialization/Reservation
• Program Linkage
• Segment Selection Directives
• Assembler Controls
• Linker Operations
• Annotated Example: Linking Relocatable Segments and Modules
• ECHO.LST
• IO.LST
• EXAMPLES.M51
• Macros
• Parameter Passing
• Local Labels
• Repeat Operations
• Control Flow Operations
• Problems

Chapter 8 - PROGRAM STURCTURE AND DESIGN

• Introduction
• Advantages and Disadvantages of Structure Programming
• The Three Structures
• Statements
• The Loop Structure
• The Choice Structure
• Pseudo Code Syntax
• Assembly Language Programming Style
• Labels
• Comments
• Comment Blocks
• Saving Registers on the Stack
• The Use of Equates
• The Use of Subroutines
• Program Organization
• Summary
• Problems

Chapter 9 - TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT

• Introduction
• The Development Cycle
• Software Development
• Hardware Development
• Integration and Verification
• Software Simulation
• Hardware Emulation
• Execution from RAM
• Execution from EPROM
• The Factor Mask Process
• Commands and Environments
• Summary
• Problems

Chapter 10 - DESIGN AND INTERFACE EXAMPLES

• Introduction
• The SBC-51
• Hexadecimal Keypad Interface
• Interface to Multiple 7-Segment LEDs
• Loudspeaker Interface
• Non-Volatile RAM Interface
• Input/Output Expansion
• Analog Output
• Analog Input
• Summary
• Problems

APPENDICES

• A Quick Reference Chart
• B OPCODE Map
• C Instruction Definitions
• D Special Function Registers
• E 8051 Data Sheet
• F ASCII Code Chart
• G MON51 -- An 8051 Monitor Program
• H Sources of 8051 Development Products