Law 3920.03: Intensive Legal Research & Writing
Schedule of Classes and Topics
Last updated: September 6, 2017
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Week 01: September 1
- Topic 1: The Seminar and the Assignments
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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state, in general terms, what the objectives of the seminar are, and how students'
work will be evaluated; and
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organize their schedules to complete work assignments to meet deadlines; and
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obtain passwords in order to access QuickLaw/LexisNexis and WestlawNext Canada.
- Preparation and Readings:
- Some Frequently Accessed Links:
- Topic 2: Research Refresher and Overview
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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demonstrate familiarity with the major principles and techniques of legal research; and
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identify topics where their knowledge and skills might be enhanced.
- Preparation and Readings:
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Week 02: September 8
- Topic 1: What Has Been Written about Legal Research and Writing
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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identify the leading books on research and writing for Canada and other common law jurisdictions;
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identify the leading websites on research and writing for Canada and other common law jurisdictions; and
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identify journals in which articles on research and writing regularly appear.
- Preparation and Readings:
- Topic 2: Database and Search Engine Basics
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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identify the leading internet search engines, and sources of information about them; and
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demonstrate familiarity with concepts and techniques including boolean operators, proximity operators,
truncation, wild cards, field or segment searching, saved searches, and metadata; and
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distinguish full-text searching, abstract or summary searching, and index searching.
- Preparation and Readings:
- Topic 3: Internet Basics
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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identify the leading browsers, and sources of information about them;
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demonstrate familiarity with hypertext links, URLs, and markup (sgml, html, xhtml, xml) and a miscellany
of related things (css, javascript, plug-ins, MIME types);
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demonstrate familiarity with IP numbers and domain names, the agencies that assign these, and their registries;
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demonstrate familiarity with internet protocols including http, https, mailto, news, ftp, telnet, and ssh;
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demonstrate familiarity with blogs, e-mail, e-mail distribution lists, and usenet newsgroups.
- Preparation and Readings:
- Topic 4: The Surface Web
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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demonstrate familiarity with major web sites with legal content (e.g. CanLII).
- Preparation and Readings:
- Topic 5: The Deep Web (aka the Invisible or Hidden Web)
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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demonstrate an awareness that there is a deep web;
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demonstrate a general awareness of the web offerings of the leading Canadian and multi-national database
vendors, including QuickLaw/Lexis-Nexis, Westlaw Canada, vLex Canada and CCH Online; and
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demonstrate an appreciation that the cost implications of dealing with these vendors are not the same in
practise as while a student.
- Preparation and Readings:
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Week 03: September 15
- Topic 1: Descriptive Bibliography
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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identify the basic elements of a bibliographic description (author, title, place of publication, publisher,
and date of publication, etc.);
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demonstrate a basic awareness of standards used for bibliographic description in libraries
and publishing (Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, the MARC format, standard numbers,
Dublin Core, etc.)
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demonstrate some awareness of the concept of name authorities, in the context of bibliographic control; and
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demonstrate some awareness of the concept of analytics, or bibliographic works within other bibliographic
works (e.g. an article within a journal, or an essay within an anthology).
- Preparation and Readings:
- Topic 2: How To Locate Cited Authorities
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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take the bibliographic information in a citation, and use it to locate the item cited
in a database or library;
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expand an abbreviation found in a citation into a full bibliographic description of the work cited;
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use a library catalogue to find the location and call number of a cited work;
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demonstrate some awareness of the Z-39.50 standard, and of RACER (as implemented by the Ontario
Council of University Libraries) in particular;
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demonstrate some basic knowledge of the major legal publishers and aggregators,
of their web sites, and of the contents of their database systems;
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demonstrate some basic knowledge of OpenURLs and link resolvers in general, and SFX (as
implemented by the Ontario Council of University Libraries) in particular;
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demonstrate some awareness of the availability of bibliography software, and of
RefWorks (as implemented by the Ontario Council of University Libraries) in particular.
- Preparation and Readings:
- Topic 3: How To Cite Authorities
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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cite authorities in a manner consistent with the practice of reputable Canadian legal publishers;
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demonstrate some familiarity with the major style guides;
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demonstrate an appreciation that the purpose of citing properly is to facilitate the work of
one's readers, and that one may adapt citation styles for particular audiences or purposes.
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demonstrate an understanding of the practice of giving parallel citations, and of the difference
between full case reports and mere summaries in this regard;
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demonstrate an understanding of vendor-neutral citations, and format-independent citations;
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make intelligent choices about whether to cite authorities in the main text, in footnotes, or in endnotes.
- Preparation and Readings:
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Week 04: September 22
- Topic 1: Indexing and Classification
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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demonstrate familiarity with the concept of a controlled vocabulary, and with
related concepts, including cross-referencing and subject authorities;
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demonstrate familiarity with the Library of Congress Subject Headings, used in
most libraries and the major legal periodical indexes;
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demonstrate familiarity with the concept of a subject classification, and with
the major classifications used in libraries (Library of Congress, KF Modified,
Moys, Dewey);
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demonstrate familiarity with the major families of classifications and
controlled index vocabularies developed by legal publishers, especially
Carswell (now West, Canadian Abridgment, subject reporters),
National Reporter System (now vLex Canada, formerly Maritime Law Book, law reports),
Canada Law Book (now West, law reports), and West (key numbers, law reports);
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demonstrate familiarity with the sorts of indexes and tables typically found
in legal monographs; and
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demonstrate some appreciation of the relationship between the subject
classification of authorities and the organization of a research paper.
- Preparation and Readings:
- Topic 2: Citation Indexes (including Things Judicially Considered)
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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demonstrate familiarity with the general concept of subject searching using
citation indexes of cases, statutes, words-and-phrases, and secondary authorities
either judicially considered, or cited in law journals;
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demonstrate familiarity with the major cases-judicially-considered tools
(QuickLaw/LexisNexis, including, for the U.S., Shepards; and Westlaw Canada);
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demonstrate familiarity with the major statutes-judicially-considered tool (Carswell),
and with some of the many published annotations of statutes and court rules (looseleaf
and annual);
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demonstrate familiarity with the major words-and-phrases-judicially-considered tool
(Carswell), and the similarity of this to legal dictionaries;
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demonstrate familiarity with the tables of cases, statutes, words-and-phrases, and
secondary-authorities judicially considered published with the leading law reports
(Carswell, Maritime Law Book);
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demonstrate familiarity with the leading tool for locating citations of law journal
articles in other law journal articles (Social Science Citation Index, part of ISI's Web of Science); and
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demonstrate an appreciation that judicial considerations and law journal citations
can also be located using full-text search techniques.
- Preparation and Readings:
- Topic 3: Student Presentations of Paper Topics
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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refine their chosen topics on the basis of classroom feedback from other students; and
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receive suggestions as to the sources and methodology to be used in carrying out their research.
Index by Week:
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Week 05: September 29
- Topic 1: Legal Subjects
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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demonstrate familiarity with the major attempts to comprehensively
classify the universe of legal subjects (legal encyclopedias and digests,
law school course calendars, major legal treatises, library classifications,
legal bibliographies and periodical indexes, bar association sub-sections
and interest groups, legal institutions and forms of action); and
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demonstrate an appreciation that the manner of classifying legal subjects
has changed greatly over the past five hundred years; and of how an
awareness of this can assist legal research.
- Preparation and Readings:
- Topic 2: Student Presentations of Paper Topics
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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refine their chosen topics on the basis of classroom feedback from other students; and
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receive suggestions as to the sources and methodology to be used in carrying out their research.
Index by Week:
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Week 06: October 6
- Topic 1: Language
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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demonstrate familiarity with the leading legal dictionaries, thesauri, and works on legal usage;
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demonstrate familiarity with the Oxford English Dictionary, and the leading Canadian dictionaries;
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demonstrate familiarity with some of the leading English grammars organized on historical principles,
and with other books on English usage and style;
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demonstrate a basic knowledge of the terminology used to describe English grammar and usage; and
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demonstrate some awareness of language issues specific to law, such as plain language, inclusivity, and
the principles of interpretation or construction for statutes and other documents.
- Preparation and Readings:
- Topic 2: Student Presentations of Paper Topics
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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refine their chosen topics on the basis of classroom feedback from other students; and
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receive suggestions as to the sources and methodology to be used in carrying out their research.
Index by Week:
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Week 07: October 13
- Topic 1: What to Say About Cases
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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demonstrate an appreciation of the significance of the remedies
sought, granted and refused in a case, when reading it;
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distinguish ratio from obiter, and decide when the distinction matters;
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demonstrate an appreciation of the significance of who were the
parties, interveners, judges and counsel in a case;
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demonstrate familiarity with the standard forms of case reasoning; and
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discuss cases effectively.
- Preparation and Readings:
- Topic 2: Student Presentations of Paper Topics
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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refine their chosen topics on the basis of classroom feedback from other students; and
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receive suggestions as to the sources and methodology to be used in carrying out their research.
Index by Week:
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Week 08: October 20
- Topic 1: Understanding Cases
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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demonstrate a general familiarity with the history and characteristics of English case reporting;
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demonstrate a general familiarity with the history and characteristics of Canadian case reporting,
with particular emphasis on the effect of changing technologies;
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demonstrate an awareness of the differences among court cases, administrative
board decisions, and arbitral awards in a domestic context; and
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demonstrate a knowledge of the publications in which court cases, arbitral awards, and
administrative board decisions can be found (especially law society discipline decisions);
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demonstrate some awareness of a number of international tribunals, and of the reports of
their decisions.
- Preparation and Readings:
- Topic 3: Student Presentations of Authorities Important to their Papers
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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refine their thoughts concerning the authority on the basis of classroom feedback from other students; and
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receive suggestions as to how their paragraph or paragraphs might be improved.
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Week 09: October 27
- Topic 1: What to Say About Legislation
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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demonstrate familiarity with the general principles of statutory construction;
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demonstrate a basic knowledge of when statutes or regulations might be
ultra vires, or unconstitutional, or in need of reading down, etc.
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demonstrate familiarity with the standard forms of statute reasoning; and
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discuss statutes and regulations effectively.
- Preparation and Readings:
- Topic 2: Understanding Legislation
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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demonstate a knowledge of the distinction between regnal years and common years;
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demonstrate a knowledge of the distinction between sessional volumes and annual volumes;
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demonstrate a general familiarity with the process and effect of statute revision, and
distinguish revisions and office consolidations;
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demonstrate familiarity with the various online consolidations of legislation, looseleaf
editions, and annual consolidations;
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demonstrate familiarity with the legislative process and related publications, including journals,
debates, and committee proceedings;
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demonstrate familiarity with the rules governing the coming into force of legislation;
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demonstrate knowledge of the major tools used to track the progress of bills and the
coming into force of legislation;
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demonstrate familiarity with the concept of delegated legislation, and the system of
registration and publication of regulations;
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demonstrate some knowledge of regulations enacted other than under statutory authority, of
regulations exempted from publication, and, federally, the distinction between an SI and
an SOR;
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distinguish regulations, orders-in-council, and ministerial orders; and
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demonstrate familiarity with publications and repositories where regulations, orders-in-council,
etc., are published or can be found.
- Preparation and Readings:
- Topic 3: History of an Act
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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demonstate an understanding of how acts are revised;
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demonstate an understanding of "history and disposal" tables; and
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trace the history of an act.
- Preparation and Readings:
- Topic 4: Student Presentations of Authorities Important to their Papers
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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refine their thoughts concerning the authority on the basis of classroom feedback from other students; and
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receive suggestions as to how their paragraph or paragraphs might be improved.
Index by Week:
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Week 10: November 3
- Topic 1: Government, Organization, Diplomatics, and Drafting
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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demonstrate a familiarity with major categories of published government documents, such
as the estimates, sessional papers, departmental annual reports, and royal commission
reports;
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demonstate an awareness of the major bibliographic tools for identifying published
government documents;
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demonstrate some familiarity with the standard forms of some government documents,
including commissions, letters patent, and warrants;
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demonstrate a general familiarity with access to information and privacy legislation
with respect to government and private records;
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demonstrate a general familiarity with government and private archives and record
repositories, and their organization;
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demonstrate a knowledge of the major international treaty series and collections;
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demonstrate a general familiarity with the document systems of a number of international
organizations such as the United Nations;
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demonstrate some familiarity with corporate, business, land and securities registries
and their record keeping practices; and
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demonstrate familiarity with the major sources of precedents for drafting court,
commercial and legal documents of all sorts.
- Preparation and Readings:
- Topic 2: Student Presentations of Authorities Important to their Papers
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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refine their thoughts concerning the authority on the basis of classroom feedback from other students; and
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receive suggestions as to how their paragraph or paragraphs might be improved.
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Week 11: November 10
- READING WEEK -- Class Cancelled
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Week 12: November 17
- Topic 1: Fact, Opinion, and Advocacy
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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demonstrate familiarity with the major bibliographies of reference sources,
and guides to research (not necessarily legal research);
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demonstrate some familiarity with goverment statistical publications and
directories, including social service directories;
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demonstrate some familiarity with the major almanacs, fact books, and
directories of associations;
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demonstrate some awareness of lawyer-oriented publications dealing with
forensic science and medicine;
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demonstrate some familiarity with lawyers' trade publications, including legal
newspapers, legal magazines, and legal directories;
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demonstrate some familiarity with law society publications, especially the
rules of professional conduct.
- Preparation and Readings:
- Topic 2: Student Presentations of Authorities Important to their Papers
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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refine their thoughts concerning the authority on the basis of classroom feedback from other students; and
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receive suggestions as to how their paragraph or paragraphs might be improved.
Index by Week:
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Week 13: November 24
- Topic 1: Secondary Legal Literature
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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demonstrate knowledge of the major categories of secondary legal
literature (texts or monographs, law journals and articles, periodical
indexes, bibliographies, digests, summary services, encyclopedias,
law report indexes, annotated statutes, annotated court rules, edited
case books, drafting forms and precedents, legal newspapers and
newsletters, web sites, e-mail distribution lists, and news groups).
- Preparation and Readings:
- Topic 2: Legal Publishing
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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demonstrate knowledge of the major categories of legal publisher
(commercial publishers, governments, legislatures, courts,
administrative tribunals, royal commissions, law reform commissions,
bar associations, law societies, law firms, law schools and universities,
continguing legal education societies, interest groups and associations).
- Preparation and Readings:
- Topic 3: Student Presentations of Authorities Important to their Papers
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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refine their thoughts concerning the authority on the basis of classroom feedback from other students; and
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receive suggestions as to how their paragraph or paragraphs might be improved.
Index by Week:
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Week 14: December 1
- Topic 1: Research in Practice, including the Ethics of Legal Research
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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demonstrate some awareness of the role of research in legal practice;
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demonstrate knowledge of the obligation to disclose relevant authorities to a court, even
if this weakens the client's case;
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demonstrate knowledge of the obligation to maintain one's professional competence in
research techniques when serving clients;
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demonstrate some awareness of the research lawyer specialty in larger firms,
particularly in regard to roles, career prospects, and asssociations;
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demonstrate some awareness of the reasons for developing memo banks in legal practice, and of
issues arising from their use, including the reduction of redundant effort, consistency in
opinion writing, and questions of ownership;
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demonstrate some knowledge of the nature of legal research in academia, including
interdisciplinary collaboration, peer review, and sources of funding; and
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demonstrate some awareness of the issues arising out of the relationship of authors to
editors and publishers.
- Preparation and Readings:
- Topic 2: Student Presentations of Authorities Important to their Papers
- Objectives -- Students will be able to:
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refine their thoughts concerning the authority on the basis of classroom feedback from other students; and
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receive suggestions as to how their paragraph or paragraphs might be improved.
schedule Copyright © 2017 John N. Davis