“The results also reveal that the JiTT approach has a greater impact on improving student performance than the use of Concept Checks or lecture-only courses.” (p.985) “While both JiTT and Concept Checks are valuable methods for shifting the burden of responsibility onto the student for participating in his or her own education, Justin-Time Teaching is perhaps more effective in actively engaging the student. The student is responsible for reviewing previous material as well as reading ahead to prepare for the next lecture.” (p.988)

Slunt, K. M., & Giancarlo, L. C. (2004). Student-Centered Learning: A Comparison of Two Different Methods of Instruction. Journal of Chemical Education, 81(7), 985-988. doi:10.1021/ed081p985