PUBLIC JOURNAL Issue #40 ‘Screens’
Cinema in Your Hand, Cinema on the Street: The Aesthetics of Korean Cinema
HyeRyoung Ok
Korea has a history of disparate governments that demanded restrictions and censorships over what people could and could not watch; under the Japanese colonization and Korean governments that came along later. In the 1990s censorships were loosened up and today the Korean film industry is well acknowledged around the world.
In this article HyeRyoung Ok discusses a new cinematic approach in Korea called the “mobile cinema”. This term is not to be confused with movies made ‘with’ mobile phones but movies made ‘for’ mobile screens. Lee Hee cheul along with Han Sang-Hee and Lee Sang-Ui produced the first movies exclusively for mobile phone screens in 2002 commissioned by SK telecom one of the largest mobile service providers in Korea. After the success of these experiments, the same year SK telecom commissions some of the well known filmmakers of Korea to make an omnibus series of movies to be screened only on one of their mobile channels (June) that had been launched earlier that year. Yigong series, which contained of twenty short films ranging from five to fifteen minutes in length, marks what mobile cinema in Korea today has been influenced by and relies on in terms of mise-en-scene and narrative structure. A new visual style was created for the small mobile screens. The Yigong series was a collaboration of the film industry and the mobile industry to keep track of the fast growing media context.
HyeRyoung Ok explores on the Yigong Series to demonstrate the new visual language that has been created for the mobile screens and how they can be affective and engaging with the viewers. Also he argues that the mobile cinema takes what is already available in terms of media conventions, and transforms it into a new way of addressing the audience. The emergence of the mobile phone not only enhanced personal interaction and communication in social context; it transpired a new personal viewing experience of a portable small screen.
There are a few strategies that are applied on the films to make them appropriate for the mobile screen. The cinematography- the use of close ups are very common specifically for intimate moments to seize the viewers’ attention on the little mobile screen. Also by using Soft focus filter, high key lighting and different camera angles, they tend to create engaging images. Most Yigong movies have little or no dialogue at all, and some provide voice narration. The use of heavy music is a popular tool to create mood. Small situational and real stories are more often shot in concise spaces such as indoors. In the Yigong series the main derive of the story is the visual montage.
There are particular types of genres such as ‘action’ films that would grab your attention and keep you attentive; furthermore, the images have to be visually attractive and striking. HyeRyoung Ok gives an example of a Yigong film called, Fucked Up Shoes, that makes use of three stationary long shots that alternate between fast and slow motion which creates a rhythm. He further explains, that due to this approach of camera use, the director is unsuccessful in delivering the immersive experience on the small sized screen of the portable device.
Since the invention of television, cinema as we know it, a public space (where we gather to observe moving images on a big screen while situated in the dark), has declined, and even more so with the creation of the multi-media mobile screens. In my opinion, cinema will never be fully abolished since, the experience you attain by fully giving yourself and watching images move on a big screen is utterly unlike what you would receive on the small screen; for instance, while sitting in a space surrounded by loquacious people.
1 Anthony C.Y. Leong, “Korean cinema: the new Hong Kong: a guidebook for the latest Korean new wave” (Victoria, B.C: Trafford, 2003)